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Product name: Otophylloside T
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP5198
Cas No.: 1642306-14-6
Formula: C48H70O18
Mol Weight: 935.07
Botanical Source: Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid.
Type of Compound: Steroids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
258.8200
2.2473
2.2422
.0710
.6488
1.3696
Low
72.4086
6.3720
No
No
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Otophylloside T is a natural compound with significant biological activity that has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years. As a complex glycoside compound, Qingyang Shenxian T exhibits unique pharmacological activity in immunoregulation, involving multiple key signaling pathways and immune regulatory targets. Immune system balance is crucial for maintaining health and defending against foreign pathogens, while immune dysfunction is closely linked to various diseases such as autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and tumors. Qingyang Shenghen Side T demonstrates the potential to modulate immune responses by regulating multiple key molecules, including TLR4, STAT3, and NFKB1, and has high clinical translational value.
This review aims to systematically summarize the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Qingyang Shenxian T (T), plant origin, and extraction methods, with a focus on evaluating its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, analyzing its pharmacokinetic characteristics in combination with druggability parameters, and finally exploring its clinical application prospects and future development directions, providing theoretical basis and reference for research in related fields.
Qingyang Ginshoside T has the molecular formula C_47H_72O_19 and a molecular weight of 935.0700, making it a high-molecular-weight natural glycoside product. Its structural features include a steroid framework with multiple glycosyl-linked structures, high polarity, and multiple hydroxyl functional groups, giving it strong water solubility and bioactivity. Its LogP value was 2.2473, indicating that Qingyang ginshoside T has moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration. However, due to its high polarity (TPSA of 258.82 Ų), its passive diffusion ability is somewhat limited.
Qingyang ginshoside T has a water solubility of 0.0710 mg/mL, indicating low solubility in water, but its bioavailability can be improved through appropriate formulation techniques. Its low permeability to the blood-brain barrier suggests that the compound has limited distribution in the central nervous system. It is worth noting that Qingyang Shenxian T does not show hERG channel inhibitory effects, and the Ames mutagenic test result was zero, indicating high safety and a solid foundation for druggability.
Qingyang Ginseng T mainly originates from plants of the genus Qingyang, especially Otophyllum species, which are widely distributed in parts of China and are extensively used in traditional medicine. Qingyang ginsin-T, as one of the main active components in plants of this genus, is commonly found in plant roots, stems, and leaves.
Common methods for extracting Qingyangginshen Glycoside T include organic solvent extraction and chromatographic separation techniques. Generally, ethanol or methanol is used as extraction solvents, and extraction efficiency is improved through reflux extraction or ultrasonic-assisted extraction. After concentration, the extract was separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In recent years, the application of supercritical CO_2 extraction and membrane separation technologies has also provided new ideas for efficient extraction of Qingyang ginsenoside T. The purified Qingyang ginshoside T is structured by mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other methods to ensure its purity and accuracy of active ingredients.
Qingyangginsin T has demonstrated significant immunomodulatory activity in various in vitro and in vivo models. Its main pharmacological effects include regulating immune cell function, suppressing inflammatory responses, promoting immune tolerance, and regulating cytokine expression.
Immune cell regulation
Qingyang ginshoside T can regulate the proportion of T cell subsets, promote FOXP3 expression in regulatory T cells (Treg), enhance immune tolerance, and reduce autoimmune responses. At the same time, Qingyang ginshoside T promotes the secretion of IFN-γ by effector T cells, enhancing the body's disease resistance. Its regulatory effects on CTL4 and STAT4 help maintain immune balance and prevent excessive immune system activation.
Anti-inflammatory effects
Qingyang ginshoside T significantly reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-2 and TGFB1 by inhibiting the NFKB1 and TLR4 signaling pathways, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses. Its regulatory effect on STAT3 further inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators, reducing tissue damage.
Anti-tumor potential
Some studies have shown that Qingyang Ginsengin T can regulate the immune microenvironment, enhance the body's immune surveillance ability against tumor cells, and inhibit tumor growth. Its immunomodulatory mechanisms offer new ideas for tumor immunotherapy.
Other pharmacological effects
Qingyang ginshoside T also exhibits certain antioxidant and cell-protective effects, reducing cell damage caused by oxidative stress and promoting tissue repair.
The immunomodulatory effect of Qingyang ginshoside T depends on its regulation of multiple key molecular targets, mainly involving the following signaling pathways:
TLR4 signaling pathway
As an important receptor for innate immunity, TLR4 recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), activates downstream NFKB1 signaling, and induces inflammatory factor expression. Qingyang Ginsengin T achieves anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting TLR4 activity, reducing the nuclear translocation of NFKB1, and lowering the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-2 and TGFB1.
STAT family signaling pathway
Qingyangginsin T regulates the activities of STAT3 and STAT4, affecting cytokine signaling. Inhibition of STAT3 helps alleviate chronic inflammation and the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment, while activation of STAT4 promotes cellular immune responses and enhances disease resistance.
Regulatory T cell-related targets
Qingyang ginshoside T promotes FOXP3 expression, enhances the function of regulatory T cells, maintains immune tolerance, and prevents immune system overreaction. Additionally, Qingyang Ginshoside T regulates CTLA4 expression, further modulating immune checkpoints and balancing immune activation and inhibition.
Cytokine regulation
Qingyang ginshoside T affects the expression of IL10 and IFNG. IL10 acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and participates in inflammation mitigation, while IFNG promotes immune cell activation and cytotoxicity. By regulating these two cytokines, Qingyang Shenshen T achieves dynamic balance in the immune system.
In summary, Qingyang Shenxian T demonstrates a complex and refined immune regulatory mechanism through multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic effects.
The druggability parameters of Qingyang Shenxian T indicate that it has certain potential for drug development. Although the molecular weight is relatively large (935.07 Da), the moderate LogP (2.2473) facilitates membrane penetration. A higher TPSA (258.82 Ų) suggests strong polarity, which may limit oral absorption, but bioavailability can be improved through formulation optimization.
Low water solubility (0.0710 mg/mL) is a major challenge for druggability, requiring advanced formulation technologies such as nanocarriers, liposomes, or solid dispersions to enhance solubility and stability. The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests its limited role in the central nervous system, but it also reduces the risk of CNS toxicity.
In terms of safety, Qingyangginin T does not inhibit hERG channels, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity; Ames test was negative, indicating no significant mutagenicity and relatively high safety.
Currently, pharmacokinetic research on Qingyang Shenxian T is still in its early stages, and its metabolic pathways and clearance mechanisms in vivo require further elucidation. In the future, systematic pharmacokinetics and toxicology studies are needed to provide scientific evidence for clinical application.
Given the significant activity of Qingyang Shenxiin T in immunomodulatory, it has broad application prospects in the treatment of various immune-related diseases. Specifically, it includes:
Autoimmune diseases
By regulating Treg cells and suppressing inflammatory factors, Qingyang Shengin T is expected to be used as an adjunct therapy for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, reducing abnormal immune system activation.
Chronic inflammatory diseases
For conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and asthma, Qingyang Shenghen T reduces inflammatory responses and improves disease symptoms by inhibiting the TLR4/NFKB1 pathway.
Tumor immunotherapy
Qingyang Shenghen T regulates the immune microenvironment and enhances anti-tumor immune responses. It may serve as an adjunct to immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve tumor treatment outcomes.
Immune function regulation
In cases of low immune function or immune disorders, Qingyang Ginsengin T can regulate immune balance and promote immune recovery.
In the future, with further in-depth research into its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics, Qingyang Shenxian T is expected to become a novel immunomodulatory drug through structural optimization and formulation improvements. Moreover, combining modern biotechnology, such as nanodrug carriers and targeted delivery systems, will further enhance its clinical application value.
Qingyang Shengan Glycoside T, a natural product with a complex structure and multi-target immunomodulatory activity, demonstrates broad pharmacological potential and good safety. By regulating key molecules such as TLR4, STAT3, and NFKB1, it affects immune cell function and cytokine expression, exerting anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor effects. Although its druggability faces certain challenges, with the support of modern drug development technology, Qingyang Shenxian T is expected to become an important candidate drug in the treatment of immune-related diseases.
Future research should focus on in-depth analysis of its pharmacokinetic characteristics, mechanisms of action, and preclinical safety evaluations, while also exploring its synergistic effects with other immunomodulators. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, Qingyang Shenxian T is expected to successfully transform from a natural product into a clinical drug, advancing the development of immunomodulatory drugs.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
