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Product name: Tigogenin lactone
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP5139
Cas No.: 514-33-0
Formula: C22H34O3
Mol Weight: 346.511
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
46.5300
4.1376
4.1373
.0088
6.2766
12.6142
High
87.7056
4.5059
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
0.0
No
No
No
No
Tigogenin lactone (CAS number: 514-33-0) is an important steroidal saponin. Due to its unique chemical structure and diverse bioactivity, it has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years. As one of the representative steroid saponin compounds, sisal saponin prolactone not only demonstrates significant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and metabolic regulation effects but also shows potential therapeutic value in bone metabolism and cardiovascular disease research. It can effectively inhibit adipocyte differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells and promote osteoblast differentiation, demonstrating potential for application in osteoporosis and other bone metabolic diseases. In addition, the inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects of sisal saponins lay the foundation for in-depth exploration of their anti-cancer mechanisms.
This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of sisal saponin-lactone, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and, combined with current research progress, explore its clinical application prospects and future directions, providing theoretical basis and research reference for drug development of this natural product.
Sisalinolide belongs to the steroid saponin class of compounds, with a molecular formula of C21H34O4 and a molecular weight of 346.5110. Its structural core is a typical steroid backbone, containing a tetracyclic steroid structure with an alphalide ring at the C-3 position, endowing it with unique bioactivity. The LogP value was 4.1376, indicating good lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration and distribution in vivo. The polar surface area (TPSA) is 46.53 Ų, indicating moderate molecular polarity that facilitates binding to biological targets. Low water solubility (0.0088 mg/mL) suggests limited solubility in the body, which may affect oral bioavailability. Notably, sisalin-lactone has a high ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, suggesting its potential application value in central nervous system diseases. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity, while the Ames mutagenic test was 0.0, indicating low genotoxicity risk and good safety.
Sisalinolide is mainly found in plants of the genus Agave spp., especially Sisalana and its related species. Sisal plants are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to their strong drought tolerance and abundant saponin content, they are an important source of natural steroid saponins. Traditionally, sisal saponins are obtained by extracting and isolating the roots, stems, or leaves of sisal plants.
The extraction method typically uses organic solvent extraction combined with liquid chromatography technology. Common extraction solvents include methanol, ethanol, and their aqueous solutions, which use ultrasound-assisted extraction or reflux extraction to improve extraction efficiency. The extract undergoes concentration, liquid-liquid separation, and silica gel column chromatography purification, with purity and structure confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. In recent years, the application of supercritical CO2 extraction technology and molecular blotting technology has provided new ideas for the efficient extraction and purification of sisalin-lactone, enhancing the selectivity and environmental friendliness of extraction.
Sisalin-lactone exhibits significant anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects across various tumor cell lines. Studies have shown that it can inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis by regulating multiple signaling pathways, and shows particularly strong activity in breast cancer cells. Its anti-tumor mechanism involves regulating cell cycle arrest, inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and suppressing the expression of tumor-related genes.
Sisalinolide can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators and reduce inflammatory responses. In models of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, it demonstrates immunomodulatory effects, regulating immune cell activity and inflammatory factor expression, thereby reducing tissue damage.
Sisalinolide significantly inhibited the differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells into adipocytes, while promoting osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, suggesting potential therapeutic value in osteoporosis and other bone metabolic diseases. This effect may be achieved by regulating bone metabolism-related signaling pathways, promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption.
Sisalin-lactone demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in atherosclerosis models, improving vascular endothelial function, inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, and demonstrating its potential for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
The multi-target mechanism of sisalin-lactone is the basis of its broad pharmacological activity. Research has found that its main targets involve various proteins related to apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism:
Additionally, sisal saponin lactone promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption by regulating bone metabolism-related signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, BMP, and the RANKL/OPG system, exerting a protective effect on bone.
The druggability parameters of sisal saponin lactone indicate that it has certain potential for drug development. A higher LogP value suggests good lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration, but low water solubility may limit oral absorption. Its relatively low polar surface area and high blood-brain barrier penetration capability suggest its promising application in central nervous system diseases. The negative and mutagenic results of hERG channel inhibition indicate high safety.
Currently, pharmacokinetic studies on sisalgenin lactones are relatively limited. Preliminary data indicate that they are widely distributed in the body, have stable metabolism, and are mainly excreted through hepatic pathways. In the future, further systematic research is needed on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics, optimizing dosing regimens, and improving bioavailability.
Sisalin-lactone, with its multi-target and multi-mechanism pharmacological activity, shows broad application prospects in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and bone metabolic diseases. Especially in research on the treatment of breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and atherosclerosis, sisal saponin lactone offers new therapeutic approaches.
In the future, by combining modern medicinal chemistry and molecular biology techniques, optimizing the structural modification of sisal saponin lactone to improve its water solubility and bioavailability is expected to promote its clinical translation. At the same time, in-depth analysis of its mechanism of action and target network, and systematic pharmacodynamic and toxicological studies, will lay the foundation for safe and effective application. Multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trials are key steps to validate their clinical value.
In addition, using novel delivery systems such as nanocarriers and liposomes to improve their pharmacokinetic properties, enhance targeting and efficacy, is also an important direction for future research. By comprehensively utilizing multidisciplinary interdisciplinary approaches, sisalin saponin lactone is expected to become an important candidate molecule in the development of natural product drugs.
Sisal saponin lactone, as a natural steroidal saponin with multiple biological activities, demonstrates broad application potential in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and bone metabolism fields due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target mechanism. Its favorable safety and druggability parameters provide favorable conditions for drug development. In the future, by deepening pharmacological mechanism research, optimizing drug design, and improving clinical evaluations, sisalin-prolactone is expected to become a new natural medicine for treating various major diseases, contributing significantly to the development of natural product pharmacology and modern medicine.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
