Product name: Celosin L
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP5078
Cas No.: 1950581-97-1
Formula: C₄₇H₇₄O₂₀
Mol Weight: 959.089
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Celosin L is an emerging triterpene saponin natural compound that has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its remarkable hepatoprotective activity and potential antimalarial effects. Triterpene saponins, as an important class of natural products, hold a significant position in pharmacology and drug development due to their structural diversity and rich bioactivity. Cylindrin L was initially isolated from plants of the genus Cylindrium, demonstrating that acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells has a significant protective effect, suggesting its potential application value in liver disease prevention and treatment. In addition, vininin L has also shown certain activity in the antimalarial field, with related targets covering multiple key proteins of Plasmodium, indicating its potential as a novel antimalarial drug candidate. This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of vinyanin L, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and looks ahead to its clinical application prospects, aiming to provide scientific basis and reference for further research and development of this natural product.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Cyanin L is a triterpene saponin with a molecular weight of 959.0890, structurally formed by the triterpene backbone and multiple sugar groups connected by glycosidic bonds, exhibiting typical saponin molecular characteristics. Its LogP value is 1.2099, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates membrane penetration without excessive hydrophobicity, which is beneficial for distribution in vivo. The extremely high topological polar surface area (TPSA) is 332.2800, indicating that its molecular surface is rich in polar groups, which may affect its biofilm penetration ability and binding properties to target proteins. The water solubility index was 0.3273, indicating that vinyrinl L has a certain degree of water solubility, which is beneficial for absorption and distribution in the body. The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, suggesting its limited role in the central nervous system and reducing the risk of toxic side effects. The hERG channel inhibition test results were negative, indicating that vinyrinL carries a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test was 0.0, indicating no significant mutagenicity and relatively high safety.

From a chemical structure perspective, the triterpene backbone of vinanin L provides a strong bioactive basis, while modification of the polysaccharide chain may affect its pharmacokinetic properties and targeting selectivity. The overall structural complexity and polarity determine its metabolic pathways and pharmacodynamic performance in vivo.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Celosia glycoside L mainly comes from plants of the genus Celosia (Celosia spp.), which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and have traditionally been used to treat various diseases. Plants of the genus Cyania contain abundant triterpene saponin compounds, with Cylindrin L being one of the representative active components.

Common methods for extracting vincinin L include organic solvent extraction, liquid-liquid separation, and column chromatography purification. Ethanol or methanol is generally used as extraction solvents, with crude extracts obtained by reflux extraction, followed by separation and purification using silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). During identification, methods such as mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) are used to confirm its structural features. In recent years, the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies has improved the extraction efficiency and purity of vinyanin L, reduced solvent usage, and aligned with the concept of green chemistry.

In addition, the diversity of plant sources and the growth environment significantly affect the L-content of vinyanin glucoside, making standardized cultivation and extraction processes crucial to ensure quality stability.

Pharmacological activity research

Liver-protective activity

The most well-known pharmacological effect of vinanin L is its significant liver-protective effects. Multiple in vitro studies have shown that vinyl glycoside L has a significant protective effect against the hepatotoxicity of HepG2 cells induced by APAP (acetaminophen). Excess APAP is one of the main causes of acute liver injury, and its metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imide (NAPQI) can trigger oxidative stress and apoptosis. Cyanoside L significantly improves cell survival rates and reduces cell damage by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and regulating apoptosis signaling pathways.

In vivo experiments have also confirmed that vininoside L can lower levels of liver injury markers (such as ALT and AST), improve the pathological structure of liver tissue, and demonstrate good liver-protective effects. Its antioxidant capacity mainly lies in scavenging free radicals, enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity (such as SOD, GSH-Px), inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and reducing liver cell membrane damage.

Antimalarial activity

Research on vinanin L in its antimalarial role is relatively preliminary, but its potential effects on multiple key targets of malaria parasites have attracted significant attention from researchers. Related targets include PFCRT (malaria parasite chloroquine resistance transporter), PFMDR1 (multidrug resistance protein 1), PFDHFR (dihydrofolate reductase), PFK13 (ketokinase 13), PFATP6 (calcium ATPase), PFCYTVC (cytochrome bc1 complex), PFPK (phosphokinase), PFCYT (cytochrome), PFCYTb (cytochrome b), and PfATG8 (autophagy-related protein 8). These targets play a key role in the survival and resistance mechanisms of the malaria parasite. By interacting with these proteins, vintin glycoside L is expected to interfere with the parasite's metabolic and physiological processes, thereby exerting antimalarial effects.

Molecular docking and in vitro efficacy experiments show that vinyl glycoside L has certain binding affinity and inhibitory activity for these targets, suggesting it may be a potential candidate molecule for new antimalarial drug development.

Other pharmacological effects

In addition to liver protection and anti-malaria, vinin-methyl glycoside L also shows certain activity in anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Some studies indicate that it can regulate the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibit activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduce inflammatory responses. In addition, the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by vinyanin L also provides theoretical support for its multi-target pharmacological effects.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The pharmacological activity of vincinin L is mainly achieved through synergistic action of multiple targets and multiple pathways. Its liver-protective mechanism involves three core components: antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis:

1. Antioxidant mechanism: Vinyanin L can significantly enhance intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity, eliminate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduce oxidative stress damage. By modulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, it promotes the expression of antioxidant genes and enhances the cells' ability to resist oxidative damage.

2. Anti-inflammatory mechanism: Cyanin L inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), blocks activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, alleviates liver inflammation, and protects hepatocytes from inflammation-mediated damage.

3. Anti-apoptotic mechanism: Cyanin L regulates the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, inhibits mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis, reduces cell death, and promotes hepatocyte survival and repair.

In terms of antimalarial effects, vininin L interferes with the metabolism and function of key protein targets of the malaria parasite, thereby interrupting the parasite's life cycle. In particular, its effects on PFCRT and PFMDR1 help overcome resistance to malaria parasites and enhance the efficacy of antimalarial drugs. Additionally, its inhibitory effect on PFDHFR can block folate metabolism in malaria parasites, further suppressing their reproduction.

Molecular dynamics simulations and protein binding experiments support the high affinity of vinyanin L with the above targets, revealing its multi-target synergistic inhibition mechanism.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

The druggability parameters of vinciside L indicate that it has promising potential for drug development. Its molecular weight is close to 1000, which is quite large, but its moderate LogP value (1.2099) and certain water solubility (0.3273) facilitate its absorption and distribution in the body. A high TPSA value suggests strong polarity, which may limit oral absorption, but its bioavailability can be improved through structural modification or nanocarrier delivery technology.

The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, reducing the risk of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, making it suitable for liver and peripheral targeted therapies. hERG channel inhibition is negative, indicating low cardiotoxicity risk and high safety. Ames test was negative, further supporting its genotoxic safety.

Pharmacokinetics, the metabolism of vinyanin L in vivo mainly occurs through hepatic enzyme systems, involving glycoside hydrolysis and oxidative modification of the triterpene skeleton. Its half-life is moderate, and plasma protein binding is high, suggesting good stability and duration of action in vivo. The main excretion routes are bile and urine, and the metabolites are safe.

However, the oral bioavailability of vinin-L, limited by its molecular size and polarity, requires future pharmaceutical improvements such as liposomes and nanoparticles in delivery systems to enhance its in vivo utilization and therapeutic efficacy.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

As a natural compound with significant hepatoprotective activity and potential antimalarial effects, vinyl glycoside L shows broad clinical application prospects. In the field of liver diseases, especially drug-induced liver injury (such as acute liver injury caused by APAP overdose) and adjunctive treatment of chronic hepatitis, vincinin L is expected to become a safe and effective liver-protective drug. Its multi-target and multi-mechanism mode of action helps comprehensively regulate liver pathological processes, reduce hepatocyte damage, and promote liver function recovery.

In terms of malaria control, facing the increasingly severe challenge of Plasmodium resistance, vinantin L offers a new drug design approach by targeting multiple resistance-related targets. In the future, through structural optimization and combination drug strategies, it is expected that new antimalarial drugs will be developed to improve malaria treatment outcomes.

In addition, the potential of vincinin L in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory areas is also worth further exploration, potentially expanding its indications.

Future research should focus on the following directions:

• Structural modification and pharmacological optimization: Enhancing the bioavailability and in vivo stability of vinant glycoside L, overcoming the pharmacokinetic limitations caused by its high polarity and molecular weight.
• In-depth mechanism analysis: Using multi-omics techniques and molecular biology methods, the system comprehensively reveals its network of action and signaling pathways, clarifying key targets and their regulatory mechanisms.
• Preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation: Systematic toxicological studies and animal model validation are conducted to lay the foundation for clinical trials.
• Clinical trial design: Based on existing pharmacological evidence, design a reasonable clinical trial protocol to evaluate efficacy and safety in patients with liver disease and malaria.

Conclusion

As a triterpene saponin with a unique structure and significant bioactivity, Cyaninin L has become a hot topic in natural product pharmacology research due to its excellent liver-protective effects and potential antimalarial activity. Its multi-target and multi-mechanism pharmacological properties provide valuable resources for the development of novel liver disease treatments and antimalarial drugs. Although there are still certain challenges in pharmacokinetics and clinical applications, through optimization of modern medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutics, vinangin L is expected to achieve transformation from the laboratory to clinical practice. In the future, in-depth research and systematic safety evaluation of its mechanism of action will further advance its drug development process, contributing new theoretical and practical achievements to the field of natural product pharmacology.