Product name: Kissoone C
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP2200
Cas No.: 903559-03-5
Formula: C₁₇H₂₄O₃
Mol Weight: 276.376
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound:

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

HPLC of Kissoone C

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Natural products, as an important source of drug discovery, hold an irreplaceable position in modern pharmacological research. Sesquiterpenoids have become one of the hotspots in natural drug research due to their structural diversity and broad biological activity. Kissoone C, a novel ternary ring sesquiterpene compound, was isolated and identified for the first time from the root of valeriana officinalis, demonstrating its unique potential for neuroprotection and promoting nerve regeneration. In recent years, as the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and skin immune-related diseases such as psoriasis has gradually increased, exploring natural active ingredients with dual neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects has become especially important. This paper will systematically review the chemical structure, physicochemical properties, source and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of Kissoone C, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and explore its potential value and development prospects in clinical applications.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Kissoone C (CAS No.: 903559-03-5) is a ternary cyclic sesquiterpene compound with a molecular formula of C_15H_24O_4 and a molecular weight of 276.3760. Its structural feature is a typical tricyclic framework, containing multiple oxygen functional groups, imparting certain polarity and biological activity. The LogP value was 3.0444, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration and distribution in vivo. The topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 43.37 Ų, indicating moderate molecular polarity that facilitates binding with biological macromolecules. Low water solubility (0.0489 mg/mL) suggests limited solubility in the aqueous phase, which may affect oral bioavailability. High blood-brain barrier permeability indicates that Kissoone C has the potential to enter the central nervous system. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames mutagenic test result was 0.0, indicating no genotoxicity risk and good safety.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Kissoone C is mainly extracted from valerian root, a plant traditionally used to treat neurological disorders and sleep disorders. Valerian root contains various sesquiterpenes and volatile oil components, making it an important source of natural pharmacological active substances. During extraction, ethanol or methanol is usually used as solvent for reflux extraction, followed by liquid-liquid separation and column chromatography for purification. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are widely used for component analysis and identification. In recent years, the application of supercritical CO_2 extraction technology has improved extraction efficiency and purity, reduced organic solvent residues, and aligned with green chemistry principles. The purified Kissoone C can be structurally confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and mass spectrometry (MS).

Pharmacological activity research

The pharmacological activity of Kissoone C is mainly reflected in neuroprotection and promoting nerve regeneration. In vitro experiments showed that Kissoone C significantly enhanced nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite growth in PC12D cells, promoting neuronal morphological differentiation and axon extension. This mechanism may involve activation of intraneuronal signaling pathways, promoting cytoskeletal reorganization and growth factor expression. Furthermore, preliminary studies suggest its regulatory effect on inflammatory responses, especially in models of immune-mediated skin diseases such as psoriasis, showing potential to inhibit pro-inflammatory factor release and regulate immune cell activity.

As a chronic inflammatory skin disease, psoriasis has a complex pathogenesis involving multiple signaling pathways and various cytokines. Kissoone C may exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects by regulating key targets such as RARA, RARG, STAT3, MAPK1, TNF, MAPK8, PIK3CA, EGFR, PTGS2, and NFKB1, thereby alleviating pathological skin changes. These targets play a central role in the pathological process of psoriasis, involving cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation mediation, and immune responses.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

Kissoone C enhances NGF-mediated neurite growth, indicating that its mechanism of action is closely related to neurotrophic factor signaling pathways. NGFs activate downstream MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways via the TrkA receptor, promoting neuronal survival and protuberance growth. Kissoone C may promote neuronal morphological differentiation and functional recovery by enhancing the activity of these signaling pathways.

Regarding psoriasis-related molecular targets, Kissoone C may act through multi-target coordinated regulation:

• RARA and RARG: act as nuclear receptors, regulate gene transcription, and influence the differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes.
• STAT3: A key signal-transducting factor that mediates cell proliferation and inflammatory responses.
• MAPK1 and MAPK8: involved in cellular stress responses and inflammatory signaling.
• TNF: A pro-inflammatory cytokine that drives the inflammatory cascade of psoriasis.
• PIK3CA:P key subunit of the I3K signaling pathway, regulating cell survival and metabolism.
• EGFR: Regulates skin cell proliferation and repair.
• PTGS2 (COX-2): An inflammatory mediator synthase that promotes inflammatory responses.
• NFKB1: Transcriptional regulatory factor of inflammatory responses.

Kissoone C may realize its therapeutic potential for psoriasis by inhibiting the overactivation of these signaling pathways, reducing inflammatory responses and abnormal cell proliferation.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

From the perspective of druggability, Kissoone C exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics. Its molecular weight of 276.3760 complies with the Lipinski rule, and a LogP value of 3.0444 suggests moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for oral absorption and cell membrane penetration. TPSA is 43.37 Ų, and its low polarity helps cross the blood-brain barrier, making it suitable for treating central nervous system diseases. Its low water solubility may limit its oral bioavailability, but formulation optimization (such as nanocarriers, liposomes, etc.) can improve its solubility and stability.

In terms of safety, Kissoone C tested negative in hERG channel inhibition tests, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was 0, indicating no mutagenicity and relatively high safety. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies show that it is widely distributed in the body, especially at high concentrations in brain tissue, meeting the requirements for its neuroprotective effects.

Future research on in vivo metabolic kinetics is needed to clarify its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics, and to assess its half-life, bioavailability, and the activity and toxicity of potential metabolites. In addition, drug interactions and long-term toxicological evaluation are also important steps in druggability development.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

With its ability to promote neurite growth, Kissoone C demonstrates potential in neurodegenerative diseases, nerve injury repair, and cognitive impairment. Its high blood-brain barrier permeability makes it an ideal candidate for treating central nervous system diseases. Combined with its regulatory effect on psoriasis-related targets, Kissoone C may be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory immunomodulator and expand into the field of skin disease treatment.

Future research should focus on the following directions:

1. In-depth mechanism research: Clarifying the molecular mechanisms of Kissoone C in neuroprotection and immune regulation, especially its regulatory network for signaling pathways.
2. In vivo efficacy evaluation: Constructed animal models of nerve injury and psoriasis to verify efficacy and safety.
3. Drug formulation development: optimizing water solubility and bioavailability to enhance clinical feasibility.
4. Preclinical toxicology studies: Systematically assess its long-term toxicity and potential side effects to ensure clinical safety.
5. Clinical trial design: Based on sufficient pharmacological and toxicological data, advance Phase I clinical trials to explore its therapeutic effects in neurological diseases and psoriasis.

In summary, Kissoone C, as a natural sesquiterpene compound with multi-target effects, possesses excellent druggability and broad clinical application prospects, and is expected to become an important new drug candidate in the fields of neuroprotection and immune regulation.

Conclusion

As a novel ternary cyclic sesquiterpene natural product, Kissoone C demonstrates the dual potential of promoting nerve growth and regulating immune inflammation with its unique chemical structure and excellent bioactivity. Its excellent druggability parameters and safety evaluation lay a solid foundation for subsequent drug development. In the future, through systematic pharmacological mechanism research, pharmacokinetic optimization, and preclinical validation, Kissoone C is expected to become a novel natural drug for treating neurodegenerative diseases and immune-related diseases such as psoriasis. The continuous development of natural product pharmacology will provide more opportunities for the clinical translation of Kissoone C, promoting its application and innovation in modern medicine.