Product name: Matairesinoside
Synonym name: (-)-Matairesinol 4-O-glucoside
Catalogue No.: BP4714
Cas No.: 23202-85-9
Formula: C₂₆H₃₂O₁₁
Mol Weight: 520.531
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound: Phenols

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Matairesinoside (CAS No.: 23202-85-9) is a natural product of plant-derived lignans, and has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology due to its remarkable biological activity. As a natural compound with antibacterial, antioxidant, and virus-cell fusion inhibitory activities, albapinelipin demonstrates potential application value in various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects. Its structure is based on the (-)-matairesinol framework, and its unique physicochemical properties and bioactivity are imparted by modification of the β-D-glucose group. In recent years, with deepening research on plant lignophenol compounds, the pharmacological mechanisms, molecular targets, and druggability evaluation of luocarpinein have gradually become clearer, laying a solid foundation for its clinical translation. This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure, plant origin, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability, and future application prospects of pine lipid, aiming to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for related research.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Podocarpusin is a lignan compound with a core structure of (-)-matairesinol, and a molecular weight of 520.5310. Its structural features mainly manifest as glycosylation modification of a phenolic hydroxyl group of matairesinol through β-D-glucose residues to form β-D-glucosides. This structure imparts high polarity and water solubility to the pine phantom glycoside (2.3281), with a topological pole surface area (TPSA) of 164.37 Ų, indicating it has strong polar groups, which significantly affects its bioactivity and pharmacokinetic properties. The LogP value is 0.6907, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates molecular penetration in biofilms without excessive hydrophobicity, balancing the needs for solubility and membrane permeability.

Additionally, alfascine glycoside does not have hERG channel inhibitory activity, suggesting a low risk of cardiotoxicity; The Ames test result was 0.0, indicating no significant genotoxicity risk. The blood-brain barrier has lower permeability, which may limit its direct effect in the central nervous system, but it also reduces potential CNS side effects. Overall, the physicochemical properties of alphadrin provide a solid foundation for its role as a drug candidate.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Podocarpus glycosides are mainly found in plants of the genus Matairesia and are one of the secondary metabolites unique to this genus. These plants are widely distributed in East and Southeast Asia and have traditionally been used in Chinese medicinal herbs for anti-inflammatory and antibacterial treatments. The extraction of halocarpineside typically uses polar solvents (such as methanol, ethanol, or water-ethanol mixed solvents) to extract dry plant powders, combined with liquid-liquid partitioning and column chromatography for purification.

The specific extraction process generally includes:
1. After drying and crushing plant materials, perform reflux extraction with 70% ethanol, usually taking 2-3 hours, and repeat extraction 2-3 times to ensure full release of the components.
2. Combine the extracts, concentrate to an appropriate volume, and use liquid-liquid extraction to remove fat-soluble impurities.
3. Separation is performed by silica gel column chromatography or reversed-phase C18 column chromatography, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for monitoring purity.
4. Ultimately, high-purity phalant pine glycoside is obtained through preparative HPLC.

In recent years, new technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction have also been applied to the extraction of algaline glycosides, improving extraction efficiency and purity, reducing the use of organic solvents, and aligning with the concept of green chemistry.

Pharmacological activity research

Antibacterial activity

Podocarpusin demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with inhibitory effects against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. In vitro tests show that its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is at the micromolar level, effectively inhibiting the growth of common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial mechanism may be related to the destruction of bacterial cell membrane integrity and inhibition of cell wall synthesis, but the specific molecular mechanisms require further elucidation.

Antioxidant activity

As a lignophenol compound, pine lipid in luohan has significant free radical scavenging ability. Its phenolic hydroxyl structure and glycosyl modification give it strong electron donor capability, effectively scavenging superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide. In vitro antioxidant capacity has been validated through multiple methods such as DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, demonstrating strong antioxidant potential and helping to alleviate the pathological progression of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Antiviral activity

Podocarpus glycoside exhibits unique activity in inhibiting virus-cell fusion, especially strong inhibitory effects on enveloped viruses such as influenza virus and coronavirus. Its mechanism may involve interfering with the binding of viral surface glycoproteins to host cell receptors, blocking viral invasion and thereby inhibiting viral replication and spread. This activity offers new ideas for its development as an antiviral drug.

Anti-inflammatory activity

Podocarpinein demon glycosides have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects across various inflammation models. It can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and TNF-α, reduce activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and alleviate inflammatory responses. Relevant in vivo and in vitro experiments show that alkabrisin can effectively alleviate tissue damage caused by inflammation, offering potential value in treating inflammatory diseases.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The pharmacological effects of ocarpinein are closely related to its multi-target regulation, with particularly outstanding performance in the anti-inflammatory field. Its main molecular targets include:

• IL-6: Podocarisol glycosides can inhibit the expression and release of IL-6, reduce inflammatory cascades, and block the amplification of inflammatory signals.
• STAT3: As a key transcription factor in the IL-6 signaling pathway, inhibition of STAT3 helps block inflammation and pro-inflammatory signals in the tumor microenvironment.
• CASP1: Inhibits inflammasome-related caspase-1 activity, reducing the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
• TRPV1/TRPA1: Regulates pain and inflammation-related ion channels, relieving pain symptoms caused by inflammation.
• PTGS1/PTGS2 (COX-1/COX-2): Inhibit cyclooxygenase activity, reduce prostaglandin synthesis, and alleviate inflammation and pain.
• TNF: Reduces the expression of tumor necrosis factor α, weakening inflammatory responses.
• NOS2: Inhibits induced nitric oxide synthase, reduces excess nitric oxide production, and alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation.
• NFKB1: Inhibits activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, blocking transcription of inflammatory genes.

Through multi-target synergistic effects, alkapsine glycosides can effectively regulate inflammatory responses, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit pathogen infections, and demonstrate comprehensive pharmacological advantages.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

Luohaisong glycosides exhibit relatively ideal drug development. Its molecular weight is 520.5310, slightly above the upper limit of 500 Da recommended by Lipinski's rules, but its LogP (0.6907) and TPSA (164.37 Ų) are both within reasonable ranges, indicating good water solubility and moderate lipid solubility, which facilitate absorption and distribution in the body.

The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, suggesting it mainly acts on peripheral tissues and reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test is non-mutagenic and has relatively high safety.

Pharmacokinetics, the glycosidic structure of Podocarpusin may affect its oral bioavailability. Glycosidic bonds may be hydrolyzed by gut microbiota or intestinal enzymes, releasing active nucleus (-)-matairesinol. This process can both enhance activity and affect pharmacokinetic parameters. Currently, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies are limited, and future attention should be paid to its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics, especially the kinetics of glycoside hydrolysis and the activity evaluation of metabolites.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Based on the multiple pharmacological activities of alfacaridin, especially its potential in anti-inflammation, antibacterial, and antiviral fields, its clinical application prospects are broad. Currently, the demand for treating chronic inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, and viral diseases is growing rapidly. As a candidate molecule for natural product drugs, dohohorpine glycoside offers the following application advantages:

1. Anti-inflammatory disease treatment: By inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways through multiple targets, alhatsine glycosides can be used as adjunctive therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
2. Antibacterial infection: The antimicrobial activity against resistant strains makes it a promising candidate for new antimicrobial drugs, alleviating antibiotic resistance issues.
3. Antiviral drug development: Its virus-cell fusion inhibition provides new targets for antiviral drug design, especially with potential value in the prevention and treatment of emerging viral infections.
4. Neuroprotection and Analgesia: By modulating TRPV1 and TRPA1 plasma channels, ocarangesone glycosides may play a role in neuroinflammation and pain management.

Future research should focus on preclinical pharmacokinetics and toxicology evaluation, formulation development, and clinical trial design, promoting the clinical translation of alfascine glycosides. In addition, structural modification and optimization of drug delivery systems will also promote improvements in efficacy and safety.

Conclusion

As a natural product of lignophenoids with multiple biological activities, Luohanpine glycoside demonstrates broad pharmacological potential due to its unique chemical structure and excellent druggability. Its application research in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral fields continues to deepen, revealing its multi-target mechanisms and molecular target specificity. Although research on its pharmacokinetics and clinical applications is still in its early stages, albastinoside is undoubtedly an important candidate molecule in the development of natural product drugs. In the future, through systematic pharmacological evaluation and clinical validation, phalangone lipids are expected to become new natural drugs, serving the prevention and treatment of various diseases and promoting the development and innovation of natural product pharmacology.