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Product name: Cyaonoside B
Synonym name: Oleanane, β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid deriv.; Putranoside C
Catalogue No.: BP4723
Cas No.: 51161-58-1
Formula: C48H76O18
Mol Weight: 941.118
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
291.8200
2.5409
-.1367
.1231
.5486
.1281
Low
84.0601
6.2900
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
No
No
Cyanoside I (Cyanoside B), CAS number 51161-58-1, is a natural triterpene saponin compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Achyranthes bidentata Blume. As one of the main active components in Achyranthes, Achyranthes Saponin I has demonstrated significant anti-arthritis activity in recent pharmacological studies, making it a highly sought-after research subject in the field of natural product pharmacology. Arthritis is a chronic disease characterized mainly by cartilage degeneration, inflammatory responses, and pain, severely affecting patients' quality of life. Traditional treatments often rely on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and immunosuppressants, which can lead to side effects and resistance issues with long-term use. Therefore, developing safe and effective natural anti-arthritis drugs is of great significance.
This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Achyranthenic Saponin I, plant origin, and extraction methods, focusing on summarizing its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, especially its regulatory effects on arthritis-related targets IL1B, MMP13, ADAMTS5, ACAN, and SOX9. In addition, the article evaluates the druggability parameters and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Achyranthesin I, exploring its clinical application prospects and future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research reference for drug development of this natural product.
Achinyranthes I belongs to the triterpene saponin class with a relatively large molecular formula and a molecular weight of 941.1180. Its structural feature is a typical triterpene framework connecting multiple glycosyl residues, forming polysaccharide chains that impart high polarity. The LogP value was 2.5409, indicating moderate hydrophobicity, which facilitates cell membrane penetration while maintaining a certain degree of water solubility. The total polar surface area (TPSA) was 291.82 Ų. The higher polar surface area suggests that its absorption and distribution in vivo may be limited, but it also facilitates binding to polar targets. The water solubility was 0.1231, indicating that Achyrantheran Saponin I has a certain degree of water solubility, making it convenient for internal transport.
Structurally, Achyrantheran Saponin I does not pose a risk of inhibiting the hERG channel; the Ames test result was 0, indicating no significant genotoxicity and relatively good safety. Additionally, its low blood-brain barrier permeability suggests a lower risk of side effects in the central nervous system, but also limits its therapeutic potential for central nervous system diseases.
In summary, the physicochemical properties of Achyranthesid I are suitable for its use as a foundation for the development of oral or injectable drugs, especially for applications targeting peripheral inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Achyranthes I is mainly found in the roots and rhizomes of Achyranthes plants. Achyranthes is a perennial herb widely distributed in China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, strengthen muscles and bones, promote urination, and relieve stranguria, among other diseases. As one of its main active ingredients, Achyranthesid I plays an important role in traditional pharmacological effects.
Common methods for extracting Achyranthesin I include solvent extraction, column chromatography separation, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. The typical steps are: crush the dried Achyranthes root, extract it by reflux with 70% ethanol or methanol, and after concentration of the extract, perform preliminary separation using silica gel or C18 reversed-phase column chromatography. Subsequently, HPLC technology was used for further purification to obtain high-purity achyshy saponin I.
In recent years, emerging technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction have also been applied to the extraction of Achyranthesid I, significantly improving extraction efficiency and purity, reducing solvent usage and extraction time, and aligning with the concept of green chemistry. Additionally, given its complex glycoside structure, enzymatic hydrolysis has been explored for glycoside modification and structural modification, expanding the pharmacological activity of its derivatives.
The pharmacological activity of Achyranthesid I is most notable for its anti-arthritis effect. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that achysin I can significantly inhibit the expression of arthritis-related inflammatory factors and matrix-degrading enzymes, reduce joint cartilage damage, and alleviate inflammatory responses and pain symptoms.
Asaponin I weakens inflammatory cascades by inhibiting the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. IL-1β, as a key mediator in the pathogenesis of arthritis, can induce the expression of various inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promoting cartilage degradation. Achyranthes saponin I inhibits the release of IL-1β, effectively blocking inflammatory signaling pathways and reducing inflammation levels within the joint cavity.
MMP13 and ADAMTS5 are the main enzymes in cartilage matrix degradation, participating in the breakdown of collagen and proteoglycans, respectively. Aginin I can downregulate the expression of these two enzymes, protecting the integrity of cartilage matrix structure. Additionally, achysin I promotes the expression of cartilage matrix components ACAN (polymeric protein polysaccharides) and transcription factor SOX9, facilitating chondrocyte differentiation and matrix synthesis, thereby enhancing cartilage repair ability.
Some studies indicate that Achyrantheran Saponin I also has the potential to regulate immune cell function, modulating the activity of macrophages and T cells, suppressing immune-mediated inflammatory responses, and providing an immunological basis for its anti-arthritis effects.
Besides anti-arthritis, there are preliminary research reports on Achyrantheran Saponin I for antioxidant, anti-tumor, and liver protection, but the related mechanisms remain unclear and require further in-depth research.
The anti-arthritis mechanism of Achyranthenic Saponin I mainly regulates various molecular targets, involving inflammatory signaling pathways, matrix-degrading enzymes, and cartilage repair-related factors.
IL1B is the main pro-inflammatory factor in arthritis pathology, capable of activating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, inducing the expression of inflammatory factors and degrading enzymes. Aginin I inhibits the expression and secretion of IL1B, blocking its downstream signaling and reducing inflammatory responses.
MMP13 is a key enzyme for the breakdown of cartilage collagen, and overexpression leads to destruction of the cartilage matrix. Aginin I significantly inhibits the gene and protein levels of MMP13, protecting cartilage structure.
ADAMTS5 mainly degrades aggregated proteoglycans in cartilage and participates in the destruction of the cartilage matrix. Achyranthenic saponin I can downregulate ADAMTS5 expression and slow down the process of cartilage degeneration.
ACAN is an important component of the cartilage matrix, maintaining the elasticity and structural integrity of cartilage. Achyranthenic saponin I promotes ACAN expression and enhances cartilage repair and regeneration capacity.
SOX9 is a key transcription factor in chondrocyte differentiation, regulating the synthesis of cartilage matrix proteins. Achyranthes saponin I promotes functional recovery and matrix synthesis of chondrocytes by activating SOX9.
In summary, Achyranthesid I regulates inflammatory responses and cartilage metabolic balance through synergistic action across multiple targets and pathways, exerting its anti-arthritis therapeutic effects.
The druggability parameters of Achyrantheran Sagenin I indicate that it has good potential for drug development. Although the molecular weight of 941.1180 is relatively large, its moderate LogP (2.5409) and water solubility (0.1231) are beneficial for drug absorption and distribution in the body. High TPSA (291.82) suggests strong polarity, which may limit oral absorption, but is suitable for local or injectable administration.
The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects, making it suitable for treating peripheral inflammatory diseases. hERG channel inhibition was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. A negative Ames test indicates no obvious genotoxicity and good safety.
Currently, there are few reports on pharmacokinetics. Preliminary in vivo experiments show that the oral bioavailability of Achyranthesin I is limited, mainly metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Its glycoside structure is easily hydrolyzed by the gut microbiota, producing various metabolites, some of which may have independent pharmacological activity. In the future, systematic study of its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics is needed to optimize administration routes and dosage form design.
As a natural triterpene saponin with a clear source and targeted action, Bovine Achyranthein I demonstrates promising anti-arthritis potential and broad clinical application prospects. Compared to traditional single-target drugs, its multi-target regulatory mechanism may deliver more comprehensive therapeutic effects, reducing resistance and side effects.
Future clinical translation needs to address the following key issues:
In addition, structural modification and derivative development of Achyranthesid I are also key research priorities for future research, with the potential to obtain more efficient and safer new anti-arthritis drugs through chemical or biosynthetic means.
Aginin I, as a natural triterpene saponin with clear anti-arthritis activity, demonstrates the potential as a novel arthritis treatment drug due to its multi-target regulatory effects and good safety. Its complex chemical structure and diverse biological activities provide abundant material for pharmacological research of natural products. In the future, by combining modern medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, and pharmacokinetic technologies, the mechanism of action of Achyranthesidin I and optimizing its drug properties will lay a solid foundation for its clinical application and promote innovative development of natural products in the field of arthritis treatment.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
