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Product name: Cyaonoside A
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP4722
Cas No.: 110081-91-9
Formula: C54H86O23
Mol Weight: 1103.26
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
370.9700
1.8676
-.7152
.3298
.4880
.0959
Low
78.3787
6.7926
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
No
No
Cyanoside A (CAS No.: 110081-91-9), a natural triterpene saponin derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Achyranthes bidentata Blume, has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its remarkable pharmacological activity, especially its potential application in the field of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and microstructure destruction of bone tissue, making fractures highly prone to fractures and seriously affecting patients' quality of life. Although there are many existing therapeutic drugs, they still face issues such as limited efficacy and significant side effects. Developing new, safe, and effective anti-osteoporosis drugs has become a research hotspot. Sichuan Achyrantheran saponin A, with its unique chemical structure and multi-target regulatory capability, provides new ideas and molecular foundations for regulating bone metabolism.
This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Sichuan Axiside Saponin A, plant origin, and extraction methods, focusing on its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, exploring its pharmacokinetic characteristics in conjunction with druggability parameters, and finally looking ahead to its clinical application prospects, providing references for natural product pharmacology and osteoporosis treatment research.
Sichuan Axiside A is a triterpene saponin compound with a molecular weight of 1103.2590, featuring a complex molecular structure, containing multiple glycosyls and hydroxyl groups, and possessing high polarity. Its LogP value is 1.8676, showing moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration. Its extremely high polarity is reflected in its topological pole surface area (TPSA) reaching 370.9700, indicating good water solubility (about 0.3298 mg/mL), which has some impact on oral absorption and internal distribution.
Structurally, Sichuan Axiside A mainly consists of a pentacyclic triterpene backbone connected by multiple glycosidic residues via glycosidic bonds, and the diversity of glycosyl groups gives it strong hydrophilicity and biological activity. Its molecular structure showed no hERG channel inhibitory activity, and Ames-induced mutagenic test results were zero, indicating low genotoxicity risk and good safety. Additionally, the low permeability of Achyrantheran Sagenin A at the blood-brain barrier suggests that its main target may be limited to peripheral tissues, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects.
Achyranthes saponin A is mainly found in the traditional Chinese medicinal material Achyranthes, which is the dried root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a plant of the Amaranthaceae family, widely distributed in North China, Central China, and Southwest China. In traditional Chinese medicine, this plant is used to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, strengthen muscles and bones, promote urination, and relieve stranguria. Modern research has confirmed that it contains abundant triterpene saponin compounds.
The extraction of Sichuan achysenoside A is usually done by reflux extraction using a water-alcohol mixed solvent (such as 70% ethanol), combined with liquid-liquid separation and column chromatography separation techniques. The specific steps include:
In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies have also been applied to efficiently extract Axiside A, improving extraction rates and purity, and reducing energy consumption and time costs.
Pharmacological studies on the pharmacological activity of Sichuan Achyrantheran saponin A have mainly focused on its anti-osteoporosis effect. Multiple in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal model studies have shown that this compound can significantly promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, inhibit osteoclast activity, thereby regulating bone remodeling and maintaining bone metabolic balance.
Sichuan achthyran saponin A promotes the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts by activating bone formation-related genes such as RUNX2, SP7 (osterix), COL1A1 (type I collagen), and BGLAP (osteocalcin), thereby enhancing the synthesis and mineralization processes of bone matrix. Its regulatory effects on vitamin D receptors (VDR) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1) further promote calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone metabolic homeostasis.
Sichuan Achyrantheran saponin A can downregulate osteoclast-related enzymes such as CTSK (collagenase K) and MMP9 (metallometic protease 9), inhibiting the formation and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Additionally, by regulating the balance of TNFRSF11B (osteoprotectin, OPG) and the RANKL signaling pathway, it inhibits the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, reducing bone loss.
The occurrence of osteoporosis is closely related to chronic inflammation. Sichuan Axiside A shows certain anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and reducing inflammatory responses in bone tissue. It also has antioxidant properties, protecting bone cells from oxidative stress damage and promoting bone tissue repair.
In ovarian-removed rat osteoporosis models, achyshal saponin A significantly improved bone density, enhanced bone mechanical performance, reduced trabecular bone structure, and demonstrated good anti-osteoporosis effects. Compared to commonly used drugs such as estrogen and bisphosphonates, Sichuan Axisenoside A has fewer side effects and higher safety.
The anti-osteoporosis effect of Sichuan Axiside A involves multiple signaling pathways and key molecular targets, reflecting its multi-target and multi-mechanism pharmacological characteristics.
Sichuan Achyranthenic saponin A activates ESR1, mimics the bone-protective effect of estrogen, promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, inhibits osteoclast activity, and regulates bone metabolic balance. This mechanism helps improve postmenopausal osteoporosis.
As key transcription factors in osteogenic differentiation, RUNX2 and SP7 are significantly upregulated by Sichuan Axiside Saponin A, promoting synthesis and mineralization of bone matrix proteins and enhancing bone formation.
Sichuan Axiside A enhances VDR signaling, regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism, promotes bone mineralization, and maintains bone health.
By inhibiting the expression of CTSK and MMP9, Sichuan achysin saponin A reduces bone matrix degradation and inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
Sichuan achysin saponin A regulates the OPG/RANKL ratio and inhibits osteoclast formation; At the same time, SOST expression is downregulated, which lifts the inhibition of bone formation and promotes bone formation.
It promotes the expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin, enhancing the quality of bone matrix and the mechanical strength of bone tissue.
In summary, Achiran Sagenin A regulates bone metabolism-related signaling pathways through multi-target synergistic regulation, achieving anti-osteoporosis therapeutic effects.
The druggability parameters of Sichuan Achinyshal saponin A indicate that it has certain potential for drug development. A larger molecular weight (1103.2590) and higher polarity (TPSA 370.97) may limit its oral bioavailability, but a moderate LogP value (1.8676) favors cell membrane permeability. Its moderate water solubility aids formulation development.
In terms of safety, Sichuan Axiside A does not inhibit hERG channels, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity; Ames test was negative, genotoxicity risk was low, and safety medication requirements were met. Low blood-brain barrier permeability reduces adverse reactions of the central nervous system.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that Sichuan achythy saponin A is absorbed slowly after oral administration, with its distribution mainly concentrated in bones and liver. Its metabolic pathway primarily passes through hepatic enzyme systems, with excretion mainly via bile. Moderate half-life, supporting daily dosing frequency. In the future, formulations need to be optimized to improve bioavailability, such as nanocarriers and liposome encapsulation.
As a natural triterpene saponin, Sichuan Achyrantheran saponin A has the potential to become a novel osteoporosis treatment drug due to its remarkable anti-osteoporosis activity and good safety. Its multi-target regulatory characteristics help overcome the limitations of single-target drugs, providing more comprehensive bone metabolism regulation.
The clinical application prospects are mainly reflected in:
Future research directions include:
Additionally, based on the structural characteristics of Achyranthenic saponin A, structural modification and derivative design are being carried out, promising to obtain more efficient and safer new drugs for osteoporosis treatment.
As a natural triterpene saponin with a unique structure and multi-target regulatory ability, Sichuan Achyranthenic Saponin A shows broad application prospects in the field of osteoporosis treatment. By regulating key bone metabolism molecules such as ESR1, RUNX2, and VDR, it promotes osteoblast function and inhibits osteoclast activity, while also exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, demonstrating the multidimensional therapeutic advantages of natural products. Druggability evaluations show good safety; although there are challenges in bioavailability, modern drug formulation technologies are expected to overcome them.
In the future, combined with systematic pharmacological mechanism research and clinical validation, Sichuan Niuxi Saponin A is expected to become an important natural drug in the field of osteoporosis treatment, providing new treatment options to improve patients' quality of life. The in-depth development of natural product pharmacology will further promote the pharmacization of Sichuan Athysthoside A and its derivatives, promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and the development of innovative drugs.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
