Product name: Linderanine C
Synonym name: (-)-Linderanin C
Catalogue No.: BP4702
Cas No.: 139681-96-2
Formula: C₁₅H₁₆O₅
Mol Weight: 276.288
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound: Sesquiterpenoids

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Natural products, as important resources for drug discovery, have long held a central position in new drug development due to their structural diversity and rich bioactivity. Squiterpene compounds, as an important category among natural products, are widely used in the treatment of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial diseases due to their unique chemical structure and significant biological activity. Linderanine C, an oxidized linderanine ether lactone, is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the tuber roots of the traditional Chinese medicine Lindera spp. In recent years, due to its significant anti-inflammatory activity and good pharmacokinetic properties, it has gradually become a hot topic in natural product pharmacological research.

This review aims to systematically summarize the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of Urud ether lactone oxide, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and, considering its potential clinical application prospects, comprehensively evaluate the research progress of this compound in the field of natural product pharmacology, providing theoretical basis and research directions for subsequent development and application.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Linderanine C, CAS No.: 139681-96-2, is a typical sesquiterpene compound with a molecular formula of C_15H_20O_5 and a molecular weight of 276.2880. Its structural features include an lactone ring and multiple oxidative functional groups, giving it strong biological activity. The structure of this compound contains multiple chiral centers, presenting a specific stereotype, usually as a (-)- isomer.

In terms of physicochemical properties, the LogP value of oxidized urunyao ether lactone is 1.4240, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration and distribution in the body. Its polar surface area (TPSA) is 65.1300, indicating that the molecule has certain polarity, which helps form stable interactions with biological macromolecule targets. The water solubility index is 0.8921, indicating good water solubility and facilitating absorption in the body. The high penetration ability of the blood-brain barrier suggests its potential therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases. Additionally, the hERG channel inhibition test results were negative, indicating that the compound carries a relatively low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test value was 1.5, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and a solid safety foundation.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Oxidized Lindera ether lactone mainly comes from the tuberous roots of plants in the genus Lindera genus. Lindera (Lindera aggregata, Lindera strychnifolia, etc.) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely distributed in China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. Wuyao tuberous has long been used to regulate qi and blood, relieve pain, and treat inflammation. Modern pharmacological research has confirmed it contains abundant sesquiterpene compounds.

The extraction process typically uses dried Wuyao tuberous roots as raw material, first extracted by reflux with organic solvents (such as ethanol or methanol), then separated and purified through liquid-liquid partitioning and column chromatography techniques. The specific steps include:

1. Crude extraction: reflux extraction with 70% ethanol and concentrate to obtain the crude extract.
2. Separation and purification: The crude extract is separated by water and ethyl acetate, and the ethyl acetate layer is separated by silica gel column chromatography, followed by further purification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
3. Structural identification: The structure of oxidized urudium ether lactone was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR).

This extraction method is efficient and environmentally friendly, capable of obtaining high-purity oxidized urundae ether lactone to meet the needs of pharmacological research and subsequent development.

Pharmacological activity research

Research on the pharmacological activity of oxidized urudium ether lactone mainly focuses on its anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation is the common pathological basis of many diseases, and key molecules regulating inflammatory responses have become important targets for drug development. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that oxidized urudium ether lactone has significant anti-inflammatory activity, mainly manifested as inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and modulating inflammatory signaling pathways.

In vitro experiments

In macrophage lines (such as RAW264.7 cells), oxidized lidolactone can significantly inhibit the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, NOS2, and PTGS2, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators. Its anti-inflammatory effect is positively correlated with dosage and shows no significant cytotoxicity.

Internal model

In mouse acute inflammation models (such as carrageenen-induced plantar edema), lide oxylinder significantly reduced inflammatory responses and inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue edema. Its anti-inflammatory effect is better than some traditional anti-inflammatory drugs, and the side effects are relatively small.

Additionally, urgentian ether lactone oxide has regulatory effects on neuroinflammation-related TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels, suggesting potential application value in neuropathic pain and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The anti-inflammatory effects of oxidized urunyao ether lactone involve multiple signaling pathways and multiple molecular targets, mainly including:

• IL-6/STAT3 pathway: Oxidized urudium ether lactone can inhibit IL-6 secretion and activate its downstream transcription factor STAT3, blocking the transmission of pro-inflammatory signals and reducing inflammatory responses.
• NF-κB signaling pathway: By inhibiting NFKB1 activation, it reduces transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and lowers the expression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and PTGS2.
• Inflammation-related enzymes: Inhibit the activity of CASP1 (caspase 1), blocking the assembly and activation of inflammasomes, thereby reducing IL-1β release. Inhibits NOS2 and PTGS1/2, reducing the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandins.
• TRPV1/TRPA1 channels: regulate these two non-selective cation channels, alleviating neuroinflammation and pain signaling.

These multi-target, multi-pathway synergistic mechanisms enable oxidized lidarinoid to demonstrate strong efficacy and broad applicability in anti-inflammatory treatment.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

Druggability is a key link in the development of natural product drugs. Oxidized urudium ether lactone has excellent druggability parameters:

• Molecular weight 276.2880, complies with Lipinski's rules, facilitating oral absorption.
• LogP 1.4240, moderate lipid solubility, aids in distribution in the body and penetrates cell membranes.
• TPSA 65.1300, suitable for effective binding to target proteins.
• Water solubility of 0.8921, ensuring the dissolution and absorption of the drug in the body.
• Its high blood-brain barrier penetration suggests its potential in treating central nervous system diseases.
• hERG inhibitors are negative, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity.
• Ames trial 1.5 indicates a lower risk of genotoxicity.

Pharmacokinetic studies show that linden oxide lactone is rapidly absorbed orally, has a moderate plasma half-life, and is widely distributed in the body, especially at high concentrations in liver and brain tissue. Its metabolism mainly occurs through oxidation and hydroxylation pathways in the liver, with no significant toxicity of the metabolites. Excretion is mainly completed via the kidneys and bile pathways, with high bioavailability.

In summary, urudium oxide ether lactone has good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety, and has high potential for clinical development.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

As the incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases continues to rise, developing safe and effective anti-inflammatory drugs has become a key focus of medical research. Oxidized urgentyl ether lactone demonstrates broad clinical application prospects due to its multi-target anti-inflammatory mechanism, good pharmacokinetic properties, and relatively low toxicity and side effects.

Future research directions include:

1. In-depth mechanistic research: Using genomics, proteomics, and other methods, further elucidation of the functional network of urudium ether lactone oxide and its interactions with inflammation-related signaling pathways.
2. Structural optimization and drug design: Based on the core framework of oxidized urudium ether lactone, structural modification and derivative design are carried out to enhance its bioactivity and selectivity.
3. Preclinical safety evaluation: Systematic toxicological and pharmacodynamic studies are conducted to clarify the safety and effective dosage range for long-term use.
4. Clinical trial exploration: Conducting multicenter clinical trials targeting inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and neuroinflammation to verify their efficacy and safety.
5. Combination drug studies: Exploring the synergistic effects of oxidized lide ether lactone with existing anti-inflammatory drugs to optimize treatment regimens and reduce drug tolerance and side effects.

Through multidisciplinary collaboration, oxidized urinium ether lactone is expected to become an important candidate for the new generation of natural anti-inflammatory drugs.

Conclusion

Oxidized urinary ether lactone, as a natural product derived from sesquiterpene derived from urgent, has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years due to its unique chemical structure and significant anti-inflammatory activity. Its multi-target anti-inflammatory mechanism, favorable druggability parameters, and safety provide a solid foundation for its clinical development. In the future, through in-depth mechanistic research and clinical validation, oxidized urudium ether lactone is expected to become an effective drug for treating various inflammatory diseases, opening new directions for natural product pharmacology research and new drug development.

In summary, lide oxide not only enriches the research scope of sesquiterpene natural products but also provides a valuable molecular template and theoretical basis for innovation in anti-inflammatory drugs, making it worthy of sustained investment and attention in drug development.