Product name: Atherosperminine
Synonym name: Atherospermine；3,4-Dimethoxy-N,N-dimethyl-1-phenanthreneethanamine
Catalogue No.: BP4380
Cas No.: 5531-98-6
Formula: C₂₀H₂₃NO₂
Mol Weight: 309.409
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound:

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

HPLC of Atherosperminine

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Atherospermine (CAS No.: 5531-98-6) is an alkaloid compound derived from natural plants, which has attracted attention in recent years due to its diverse biological activities. As a natural product, Mangzining not only demonstrates significant antimalarial parasite activity, but also exhibits excellent antioxidant capacity and a non-specific relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle. With the development of natural product pharmacology, Mangzi Ning's potential applications in anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory fields have gradually been revealed, especially in the treatment of major diseases like liver cancer, demonstrating unique molecular mechanisms and target associations.

This review aims to systematically summarize the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant origin, and extraction methods of Mangzi Ning, deeply analyze its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, evaluate its druggability and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and anticipate its potential and challenges in clinical application, providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for subsequent research and development.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Mangzining is an alkaloid with a molecular weight of 309.4090, characterized by the presence of multiple aromatic rings and nitrogen atoms, which impart unique biological activity. Its LogP value was 4.4141, indicating that Mangzining has strong lipophilus, facilitating passive diffusion through cell membranes. The total polar surface area (TPSA) was 21.7 Ų. A lower TPSA value is usually associated with better cell membrane penetration and blood-brain barrier penetration capacity. Mangzining's blood-brain barrier permeability was rated as high, suggesting its potential role in the central nervous system.

Its low water solubility (0.0526 mg/mL) limits its solubility in aqueous systems, potentially affecting its bioavailability and the selection of administration methods. Mangzining exhibits hERG channel inhibitory activity, suggesting potential cardiotoxicity risks and requiring focused attention on cardiovascular safety during drug development. Additionally, the Ames test result was 1.5, indicating a low genotoxicity risk, but further toxicological evaluation is still needed to confirm safety.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Mango seed is mainly found in plants of the genus Atherosperma, with particularly high levels in its seeds and bark. Plants of this genus are widely distributed in temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere and have traditionally been used in folk herbal medicine to treat various diseases. The timing, location, and growth environment of plant material collection all significantly affect the content and purity of Mango seed Ning.

The extraction process typically uses organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography separation technology. Common extraction solvents include methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate, which can effectively dissolve Mangzining. The extraction process generally includes drying and crushing plant materials, solvent extraction extraction, concentration, liquid-liquid distribution, and multi-step chromatographic purification. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technologies are widely used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Mangzining in extracts, ensuring purity and stability.

In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies have also been applied to improve extraction efficiency and yield of Mangzining, reduce solvent usage and extraction time, and align with the concept of green chemistry.

Pharmacological activity research

Antimalarial parasite activity

Mangzining demonstrated significant inhibitory effects in in vitro antimalarial parasite activity tests, with an IC50 value of 5.80 μM, indicating strong antimalarial activity. This activity suggests that Mangzining may act by interfering with the metabolism or critical life cycle of malaria parasites, providing potential candidate molecules for antimalarial drug development.

Antioxidant activity

Mangzining, as an effective reducing agent, demonstrates significant free radical scavenging ability. In DPPH radical scavenging experiments, its IC50 value was 29.56 μg/mL, indicating strong antioxidant potential. Its antioxidant activity is of great significance for preventing and treating oxidative stress-related diseases such as inflammation, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Tracheal smooth muscle relaxation effect

Mangzi Ning exhibited a nonspecific relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle, suggesting it may act by regulating calcium channels within smooth muscle cells or influencing neurotransmitter release. This function provides a theoretical basis for its adjunctive treatment of respiratory diseases, especially asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Antitumor activity

Although research on Mangzining's antitumor activity is still in its early stages, its potential for binding to multiple tumor-related targets suggests its application value in tumor treatment. Especially in the field of liver cancer, Mangzi Ning may play a role by regulating signaling pathways related to tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The potential mechanisms of Mangzi Ning's action in liver cancer and other diseases mainly involve several key molecular targets:

• BCL2: As an anti-apoptotic protein, BCL2 plays an important role in tumor cell survival. Mangzining may promote tumor cell apoptosis by regulating BCL2 expression or function.
• STAT3: The STAT3 signaling pathway plays a central role in tumor cell proliferation, immune evasion, and inflammatory responses. Mangzining's inhibition of STAT3 may block tumor growth signals.
• TOP1:D NA topoisomerase I is an important enzyme for DNA replication and repair in tumor cells. Mangzining may interfere with DNA metabolism in tumor cells by inhibiting TOP1 activity.
• MAPK1: Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Mangzi Ning regulates the MAPK1 signaling pathway to help suppress tumor progression.
• TERT: The activity of telomerase reverse transcriptase is closely related to unlimited cell proliferation. Mangzining may limit tumor cell proliferation by affecting TERT expression.
• PIK3CA :P a key component of the I3K/Akt signaling pathway, regulating cell survival and metabolism. Mangzining's regulation of this target helps suppress tumor cell survival.
• MMP9: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Mangzi Ning reduces tumor metastasis potential by inhibiting MMP9 activity.
• EGFR: The epidermal growth factor receptor is a driving factor in various tumors. Mangzi Ning may inhibit tumor cell growth by interfering with EGFR signaling.
• PTGS2 (COX-2): Involved in inflammatory responses and tumor microenvironment regulation, Mangzining's inhibitory effect helps alleviate tumor-related inflammation.
• TP53: As a tumor suppressor gene, TP53 activation promotes tumor cell apoptosis. Mangzining may enhance tumor cell apoptosis by modulating the TP53 pathway.

The multiple regulation of these targets indicates that Mangzining has multi-target and multi-pathway effects, aligning with the modern drug design concept of "multi-target drugs," and is expected to exert synergistic effects in the treatment of complex diseases.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

The drug-like parameters of Mangzining indicate that it has certain development potential, but there are also challenges:

• Lipid solubility and solubility: A high LogP value (4.4141) favors cell membrane penetration, but low water solubility (0.0526 mg/mL) may limit oral bioavailability, requiring formulation techniques such as nanocarriers and solid dispersions to improve solubility.
• Blood-brain barrier penetration: High blood-brain barrier permeability gives Mangzining the potential for central nervous system drug development, but it also increases the risk of CNS toxicity.
• hERG suppression: hERG channel inhibition suggests potential cardiotoxicity risks, requiring early cardiac safety assessment and molecular structure optimization to reduce risk.
• Genotoxicity: The Ames test result is 1.5, indicating low genotoxicity risk, but long-term toxicological and carcinogenicity assessments are still needed.
• Pharmacokinetics: Currently, data on in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of Mangzining are limited. Given its high lipid solubility and blood-brain barrier penetration, it is speculated that it has good distribution ability in the body, but its metabolic pathways and clearance rates still require systematic research.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Mangzi Ning, as a versatile natural alkaloid, possesses broad pharmacological activity and potential clinical application value. Its antimalarial activity provides a new molecular framework for malaria treatment, especially in the context of increasingly severe issues with drug-resistant malaria parasites, where developing novel antimalarial drugs is of great significance. Its antioxidant and bronchial smooth muscle relaxation effects give it potential as an adjunct therapy in respiratory diseases and oxidative stress-related conditions.

In the field of tumor treatment, Mangzi Ning targets multiple key tumor-related targets, especially molecules related to liver cancer, showing promising intervention prospects. Future research should focus on its in vivo antitumor efficacy, dose-dependence, and combination drug strategies, while optimizing its pharmacokinetic properties and safety.

In formulation development, it is necessary to overcome its poor water solubility and cardiotoxicity risks, and enhance clinical applicability through structural modification, drug carrier technology, and dosage form innovation. By integrating modern molecular docking, computer-aided drug design, and high-throughput screening technologies, the design and optimization of Mangzining derivatives will become an important research focus.

In addition, systematic toxicological evaluation and preclinical pharmacodynamic studies are key to driving Mangzi Ning into clinical trials, and attention should also be paid to its potential drug interactions and metabolic safety.

Conclusion

Mangzining, as a natural alkaloid with multiple biological activities, demonstrates broad prospects for pharmacological research and drug development. Its multi-target mechanisms in antimalarial, antioxidant, tracheal smooth muscle relaxation, and antitumor effects provide valuable cases for pharmacological research of natural products. Although there are certain challenges in druggability, the intervention of modern drug development technologies is expected to overcome these limitations and enable the transformation from natural products to clinical drugs.

In the future, in-depth mechanistic research, structural optimization, and systematic pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of Mangzining will lay a solid foundation for its clinical application, promote its practical application in the treatment of various diseases, and highlight the unique value of natural products in modern medicine.