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Product name: Flavanomarein
Synonym name: Flavomarein;Isookanin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; Isookanin 7-glucoside
Catalogue No.: BP2135
Cas No.: 577-38-8
Formula: C21H22O11
Mol Weight: 450.396
Botanical Source: Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.
Type of Compound: Flavonoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of Flavanomarein
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
186.3700
-.0161
-.0356
3.5993
.7466
.1160
Low
71.9354
4.1775
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
No
Flavanomarein (CAS No.: 577-38-8) is a flavonoid natural product mainly found in the Asteraceae plant Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. As a representative active ingredient of this plant, xantomaside has attracted much attention for its remarkable biological activity, especially showing good protective effects in the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. In recent years, with deepening pharmacological research on natural products, the multiple pharmacological effects of xonomaside such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, blood pressure, and lipid-lowering have gradually been revealed, demonstrating its potential as a candidate molecule for novel multi-target therapy.
In addition, xonomaside also shows regulatory effects on targets related to chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, suggesting its promising application in respiratory diseases. This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of xonomaside, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, explore its clinical application potential and future research directions, and provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for drug development of this natural product.
Xonomaside is a flavonoid compound with a molecular weight of 450.3960. Its chemical structure includes a typical flavonoid backbone, with multiple hydroxyl and glycosyl groups, giving it good water solubility (3.5993) and high polarity (TPSA of 186.3700). Its LogP value was -0.0161, indicating that xonomaside is highly hydrophilic and difficult to freely diffuse through lipid membranes, which may limit its brain penetration ability and correspond with its low blood-brain barrier permeability.
From a safety perspective, xonomaside does not show hERG channel inhibitory activity, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity; The Ames test result was 0.0, indicating no significant mutagenicity and a solid safety foundation. The overall physicochemical properties indicate that xonomaside is suitable for development as a water-soluble oral formulation, but its high polarity and low lipid solubility may affect bioavailability, requiring optimization through pharmacological methods.
Xanthomaside is mainly found in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt (Yellow-flowered Chrysanthemum), a plant widely found in North America and parts of Asia, traditionally used in herbs and dyes. Xonomaside, as its main flavonoid component, is abundant and has become a key focus of research and development.
The extraction process typically uses ethanol or methanol as solvent, and crude extracts are obtained through reflux extraction or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Subsequently, technologies such as liquid-liquid separation, silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used for separation and purification, ultimately obtaining high-purity xonomaside. Optimization of extraction conditions mainly focuses on parameters such as solvent polarity, extraction time, and temperature to improve yield and purity.
In recent years, green extraction technologies such as supercritical CO₂ extraction and microwave-assisted extraction have also been attempted to extract xonomaside, aiming to improve efficiency and environmental friendliness. During purification, the ultraviolet absorption properties of flavonoid compounds are utilized, combined with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology to achieve structural identification and quality control.
Research on the pharmacological activity of xonomaside covers various disease models, mainly focusing on antioxidant, hypoglycemic, blood pressure, and lipid reduction, and has shown significant effects in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Xonomaside has a powerful free radical scavenging ability, effectively inhibiting lipid peroxide formation and reducing cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In vitro experiments show that it has concentration-dependent scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals, and in vivo models can also increase antioxidant enzyme activity (such as superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px), reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and protect the kidneys and other tissues from oxidative damage.
Xonomaside regulates blood glucose levels through multiple mechanisms, including promoting insulin secretion, improving insulin resistance, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis. Animal experiments have shown that xanomaside can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic model rats, while improving pancreatic islet β cell function and slowing diabetes progression.
Xonomaside demonstrates significant antihypertensive effects by dilating blood vessels, inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and regulating endothelial function. In addition, it can lower plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels, and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), thereby improving lipid profile and reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
Xonomaside also exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-fibrotic effects, especially in diabetic nephropathy models, protecting kidney function by alleviating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Some studies indicate its regulatory effect on asthma-related targets, suggesting its potential application value in respiratory diseases.
The multi-target mechanism of xonomaside forms the basis of its multiple pharmacological effects. For inflammatory diseases such as asthma, the key targets regulated by xanomaside include:
By modulating these targets, xonomaside can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, reduce airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and exert anti-asthma effects. In diabetic nephropathy, xonomaside alleviates kidney damage and protects kidney function through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic pathways.
Molecular docking and cell experiments further confirmed that xonomaside can bind to various target proteins, regulate their activity, and influence downstream signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, exerting comprehensive therapeutic effects.
Druggability evaluation of xonomaside shows it has good safety and potential drug development value. Its molecular weight is moderate and water-soluble, which is beneficial for formulation development and absorption in the body. The LogP value is close to zero, indicating a hydrophilic and lipophilic balance, making it suitable for oral administration.
The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests limited impact on the central nervous system and reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects. hERG channels have no inhibitory effect, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test was negative, indicating no mutagenicity and relatively high safety.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, current research is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo experiments show that xanomaside is absorbed quickly after oral administration, but its bioavailability is limited by its polarity and metabolic stability. Liver metabolism mainly occurs through phase II reactions (such as glucuronic acid binding), with excretion primarily via the kidneys.
Future research needs to further clarify its in vivo distribution, metabolic kinetic parameters, and drug interactions to provide a basis for clinical application. At the same time, to address its insufficient bioavailability, developing nanocarriers, liposomes, or other delivery systems to improve in vivo stability and efficacy is an important research direction.
As a multifunctional natural flavonoid product, xonomaside demonstrates broad application prospects in fields such as diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases (such as asthma) due to its antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Currently, clinical research on xonomaside is still in its early stages, mainly focusing on in vitro and animal models to verify its efficacy and safety. In the future, preclinical toxicology and pharmacokinetic research should be strengthened, standardized extraction and quality control systems should be established, and it should be promoted to the clinical trial stage.
In addition, by integrating modern drug design concepts and optimizing structural modifications and drug delivery systems, the bioavailability and targeting of xonomaside can be improved, greatly promoting its clinical translation. The multi-target mechanism of action also provides a theoretical basis for combination therapy in complex diseases, and is expected to become a new model for natural product drug development.
As the main flavonoid active ingredient in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt, xonomaside exhibits significant antioxidant, hypoglycemic, blood pressure-lowering, and lipid-lowering multiple pharmacological activities, especially showing good therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy and asthma. Its multi-target mechanism of action offers new ideas for the development of multifunctional natural products.
Although research on xannormaside has made some progress, further exploration of its pharmacokinetic characteristics, clinical safety, and efficacy evaluation is still needed. In the future, through multidisciplinary collaboration, optimizing extraction processes and formulation technologies, and promoting the transformation of xanomaside into clinical application, it is expected to bring new breakthroughs in the treatment of related diseases.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
