Product name: Escin Ie
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP2113
Cas No.: 1613506-26-5
Formula: C₄₉H₇₆O₁₉
Mol Weight: 969.128
Botanical Source: Aesculi semen
Type of Compound: Terpenoids

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Escin Ie, an important natural saponin compound, has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural medicine research in recent years. It originates from Aesculi Semen in the seed extract of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) and is a member of the Aescine derivative. Leaf saponins are renowned for their remarkable anti-inflammatory, anti-edema, and vascular protective effects, especially showing potential clinical value in treating vascular diseases such as phlebitis. This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action of Essenoside Ie, and, combined with its druggability parameters and pharmacokinetic characteristics, explores its clinical application prospects and future research directions.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Leaf Saponin Ie has a molecular formula of C_48H_74O_20 and a molecular weight of 969.1280, belonging to the triterpene saponin compounds. Its structural core is the pentacyclic triterpene parent nucleus, which connects multiple glycosyl residues and exhibits typical saponin structural characteristics. The LogP value was 1.8144, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for crossing cell membranes but not prone to excessive accumulation. Its extremely high polar surface area (TPSA 308.8900 Ų) reflects the presence of many polar groups on its molecular surface, especially hydroxyl and sugar groups, giving it strong hydration capacity, but its low water solubility (0.1868), which may limit its bioavailability.

The physicochemical properties of seven-leaf saponin Ie determine its distribution and metabolic characteristics in vivo. Its low blood-brain barrier permeability reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames mutagenic test result was 0.0, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and meeting safety requirements.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Aysculin Ie is mainly isolated from the seeds of the horse chestnut tree (Aesculi Semen). The horse chestnut is a plant in the horse horse tree family, widely distributed across Europe and parts of Asia. Its seeds are rich in various saponin components, especially the Escin mixture. Traditional extraction methods usually use alcohol extraction, where ethanol or methanol is used to extract the dry powder, followed by separation and purification through liquid-liquid partitioning, column chromatography, and other techniques.

Modern extraction technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and purification have improved the extraction efficiency and purity of horse chestnut saponin Ie. During purification, reversed-phase HPLC is often combined with silica gel column chromatography to obtain high-purity seven-leaf saponin Ie. The optimization of the extraction process not only improves yield but also ensures the activity stability of the compounds, laying the foundation for subsequent pharmacological research and clinical development.

Pharmacological activity research

The pharmacological activity of Escapula saponin Ie mainly revolves around its anti-inflammatory, anti-vascular permeability, and anti-edema effects. Multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that Esa Y can significantly inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, reduce inflammatory responses in blood vessel walls, and improve microcirculation function.

In the phlebitis model, seven-leaf saponin Ie significantly alleviates inflammatory symptoms by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and reducing vessel wall edema. Its anti-inflammatory effect is closely related to the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. In animal experiments, seven-leaf saponin Ie also showed effects in reducing vascular permeability and preventing vascular endothelial damage, promoting repair of vessel wall structures.

Additionally, Escapa saponin Ie has antioxidant properties that can eliminate free radicals and reduce oxidative stress damage to vascular endothelium. Its regulation of platelet-activating factor receptors (PTAFR) helps inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent thrombosis, further supporting its potential application in vascular diseases.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The mechanism of action of Escapa saponin Ie mainly regulates various inflammation-related molecular targets. Key targets include:

• TNF (tumor necrosis factor): Escapa saponin Ie can inhibit the expression of TNF-α, reduce its mediated inflammatory signaling, and alleviate inflammatory responses.
• MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9): By modulating MMP9 activity, seven-leaf saponin Ie inhibits the degradation of the vascular matrix and maintains vascular wall integrity.
• NFKB1 (nuclear factor κB1): Leaf saponin Ie inhibits activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing transcription levels of pro-inflammatory genes.
• IL1B (interleukin 1β): Reduces secretion of IL-1β, decreasing the activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells.
• ICAM1, VCAM1, SELE (cell adhesion molecules): Downregulate the expression of these adhesion molecules, reducing the adhesion between inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium, and slowing the spread of inflammation.
• TIMP1 (matrix metalloproteinase tissue suppressor factor 1): regulates the balance between MMPs and TIMPs, promoting vascular tissue repair.
• Platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR): Inhibits platelet activation to prevent thrombosis and vascular blockage.

The synergistic regulation of these molecular targets enables JI saponin Ie to demonstrate outstanding pharmacological activity in anti-inflammation, vascular endothelium, inhibition of vascular permeability, and prevention of thrombosis.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

The druggability parameters of Esperagen Saponin Ie indicate good safety and potential drug development value. Its molecular weight is relatively large (969.1280), which exceeds the recommended range of the Lipinski rule, but as a natural macromolecule saponin, it still possesses good biological activity. A LogP value of 1.8144 indicates moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration.

A high TPSA value (308.8900) suggests strong polarity, which may limit oral bioavailability, but formulation optimization (such as nanocarriers and liposome encapsulation) can improve its absorption in vivo. Low water solubility (0.1868) is one of the challenges in its development and needs to be addressed through chemical modifications or excipient improvements.

Pharmacokinetics, Escapadeside Ie demonstrated low blood-brain barrier permeability, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, and the Ames test showed no mutagenicity, indicating that the device has low cardiac safety and genotoxicity risk. Metabolism in the body is mostly carried out through the liver enzyme system, mainly excreted through the enterohepatic circulation, with a moderate half-life, making it suitable for clinical use.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Leaf saponin Ie has broad prospects for its application in phlebitis and related vascular diseases. Its multi-target, multi-mechanism anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effects provide new drug candidates for treating phlebitis, chronic venous insufficiency, angioedema, and other diseases. Existing preclinical studies support its safety and efficacy, but systematic clinical trial data are still lacking.

Future research should focus on:

1. Clinical trial design: Conduct randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trials to verify the efficacy and safety of Essenoside Ie in phlebitis and other vascular diseases.
2. Dosage Form Development: Optimize drug formulations, improve oral bioavailability, and explore local administration methods to enhance targeting.
3. In-depth analysis of the mechanism of action: Using multi-omics techniques to further reveal its molecular action network and identify potential synergistic targets.
4. Combination therapy strategy: Evaluate the combined effects of combining with existing anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drugs to enhance treatment outcomes and reduce adverse reactions.
5. Pharmacokinetics and toxicology research: Improving in vivo metabolic pathways and long-term safety assessments to ensure safety for clinical applications.

In summary, as a multifunctional saponin compound derived from nature, Espera Ie has the potential to become a novel vascular protective drug.

Conclusion

As an Aescine derivative, Escine Saponin Ie, with its unique chemical structure and multi-target anti-inflammatory mechanism, shows promising application prospects in the treatment of phlebitis and related vascular diseases. Its good safety and druggability parameters provide strong support for subsequent clinical development. In the future, through in-depth pharmacological mechanism research, clinical validation, and formulation optimization, Escapa Saponin Ie is expected to become a major breakthrough in the field of natural product pharmacology, driving new advances in vascular disease treatment.