Product name: Bruceine E
Synonym name: Brucein E
Catalogue No.: BP4225
Cas No.: 21586-90-3
Formula: C₂₀H₂₈O₉
Mol Weight: 412.435
Botanical Source: Brucea javanica（L.）Merr.
Type of Compound: Diterpenoids

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Bruceine E (Bruceine E, CAS No.: 21586-90-3) is a natural penicillin-like compound isolated from Brucea javanica seeds. Jabbiranin E has attracted widespread attention in pharmacology and natural product chemistry in recent years due to its remarkable biological activity, especially its hypoglycemic and antitumor effects. Diabetes and its complications have become major global public health challenges, while the high incidence of oncology and the need for complex treatments are driving researchers to continuously explore new natural medicines. Jabbister E, as a natural product with multi-target and multi-mechanism effects, demonstrates promising pharmacological potential and drug development prospects.

This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Javanin E, plant origin, and extraction methods, conduct an in-depth analysis of its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, especially the latest research progress in hypoglycemic and antitumor fields, evaluate its druggability parameters and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and finally explore its clinical application prospects and future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis and research reference for further development and utilization of this compound.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Jabbizoin E is a penicillin-like compound with a molecular formula of C_21H_28O_9 and a molecular weight of 412.4350. Its structural features include multiple oxygen-containing functional groups and a cyclic framework, giving it a complex three-dimensional conformation and rich chemical reactivity. The LogP value of coxagonin E was -0.6783, indicating strong hydrophilicity, with a water solubility of 4.8518, indicating good water solubility, which positively affects oral absorption and internal distribution. The polar surface area (TPSA) was 156.91 Ų, indicating that its molecules have high polarity, which may affect its cell membrane penetration ability and bioavailability.

Javanazin E does not have hERG channel inhibitory activity, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was 0.0, indicating no significant genotoxicity. Additionally, this compound has a relatively low blood-brain barrier penetration ability, suggesting its limited distribution in the central nervous system and potentially reducing central nervous system side effects.

Detailed analysis and characterization of its chemical structure provide a foundation for subsequent structural modification and pharmacodynamic optimization. Using technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), researchers have systematically confirmed the molecular structure of corydin E.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Brucea javanica (Brucea javanica) seeds mainly originate from the species of Brucea javanica, a plant in the Simaroubaceae family, widely distributed in southern China and Southeast Asia. Jadan seeds have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat malaria, tumors, diabetes, and other diseases, and their medicinal value is closely related to the abundant penicillin-like content in the seeds.

Common methods for extracting Jacobylin E include solvent extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning, and column chromatography separation. Ethanol or methanol is usually used as extraction solvents, and extraction efficiency is improved through ultrasound-assisted extraction or reflux extraction. After concentration, the extract was separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and other techniques, ultimately obtaining high-purity jaboliin E.

In recent years, green extraction technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) have also been applied to the extraction of coulinein E, aiming to improve extraction efficiency, reduce solvent usage, and reduce environmental pollution. Optimizing the extraction process not only ensures product quality and purity but also lays the foundation for industrial production.

Pharmacological activity research

Blood sugar-lowering effect

Research on the blood sugar-lowering effect of Javanin E is relatively systematic. In vivo experiments showed that coubilin E showed significant blood sugar-lowering effects in both non-diabetic mice and streptomycin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ is a compound that selectively disrupts islet β cells and is commonly used to establish diabetic animal models. Jabbisterin E can effectively lower blood sugar levels and improve abnormal glucose metabolism in this model.

Its hypoglycemic effect may be achieved through multiple pathways, including promoting insulin secretion, enhancing insulin sensitivity, inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, and regulating enzyme activity related to glucose metabolism. Additionally, Javan E exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation related to diabetes, thereby protecting islet function and improving metabolic disorders.

Antitumor activity

Javanin E exhibits broad-spectrum antitumor activity across various tumor cell lines. Research shows that it can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, block cell cycle progression, and suppress tumor cell migration and invasion. Its antitumor effects involve multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets, demonstrating collaborative regulation of multiple targets.

Specific tumor types include lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, etc. Jacobilian E exerts significant cytotoxic effects on these tumor cells. In vivo tumor model experiments have also confirmed its potential to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.

Other pharmacological effects

In addition to hypoglycemic and anti-tumor effects, Jabbiranin E also exhibits various biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. These effects may synergistically enhance its therapeutic outcomes, especially playing a crucial role in the integrated management of chronic diseases.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The pharmacological mechanism of coryl e, involving multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways, is complex. The main antitumor targets include:

• MCL1 and BCL2: These two proteins are members of the anti-apoptotic family. Jacobin E promotes tumor cell apoptosis by downregulating the expression of MCL1 and BCL2.
• STAT3: Signal transduction and transcription activator factor 3. Jabbisterin E inhibits STAT3 activation, blocking its tumor-promoting and immune escape functions.
• MMP2: Matrix metalloproteinase 2, involved in the degradation of the extracellular tumor matrix. Jacobylin E reduces tumor invasion and metastasis by inhibiting MMP2.
• TOP1 and TOP2A :D NA topoisomerases and Jacobilian E may inhibit tumor cell proliferation by interfering with DNA replication and repair processes.
• HIF1A: Hypoxia-inducing factor 1α, regulates tumor cells' adaptation to hypoxic environments; Jabaloin E inhibits HIF1A expression, weakening tumor tolerance.
• MAPK1: Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Jacobylin E, regulates the MAPK signaling pathway, affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis.
• ESR1 and CYP19A1: estrogen receptors α and aromatase, and Javanin E, regulate hormone-dependent tumors such as breast cancer.

Regarding hypoglycemic mechanisms, Jabbiel E may improve pancreatic β cell function and insulin secretion by modulating insulin signaling pathways, enhancing insulin receptor sensitivity, and inhibiting the expression of key gluconeotic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase. Moreover, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects protect islet tissue by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory mediator levels, thereby slowing the progression of diabetes.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

Druggability evaluation of Jabbiranin E indicates it has good potential for drug development. The molecular weight of 412.4350 complies with Lipinski's "drug similarity rule," with a LogP value of -0.6783, indicating moderate hydrophilicity, which is beneficial for distribution and solubility in the body. TPSA is 156.91 Ų, which is relatively high but still within an acceptable range, which may affect its oral bioavailability.

Javanidyl E does not show hERG channel inhibition, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test was negative, indicating no obvious genotoxicity. The blood-brain barrier has a low penetration ability, reducing the likelihood of central nervous system side effects.

In terms of pharmacokinetics, current research is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo experiments show that Jacobylin E is well absorbed orally, has a moderate plasma half-life, and is mainly metabolized by the liver, with excretion routes including bile and urine. The activity and safety of its metabolites require further research.

In addition, the stability, drug interactions, and formulation development of Jacobin E still require systematic evaluation. The application of novel drug delivery systems such as nanocarriers and liposomes may further improve their bioavailability and targetability.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Jabbiracin E, as a natural compound with multiple biological activities, shows broad clinical application prospects. Its hypoglycemic effect in diabetes treatment, especially its effectiveness in STZ-induced diabetes models, provides a theoretical basis for developing novel natural hypoglycemic drugs. Given the complex pathological mechanisms of diabetes, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of coulinein E also help alleviate diabetic complications and improve patients' quality of life.

In the field of cancer treatment, Jabbisterin E regulates tumor cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis through multiple targets and pathways, offering potential adjunctive therapeutic value. In the future, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy can be combined to create synergistic effects, improve efficacy, and reduce toxic side effects.

However, the clinical translation of cranium e-e still faces many challenges. First, systematic toxicological evaluation and safety studies are needed to clarify the long-term medication risks. Secondly, in-depth research on pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetics is fundamental to clinical trial design. Third, formulation optimization and innovation in delivery routes will enhance the feasibility of clinical applications and patient compliance.

Future research should focus on mechanism analysis, structural optimization, and preclinical evaluation to promote the translation of Javanin E into clinical application. Moreover, combining modern drug design and biotechnology approaches, such as computer-aided drug design (CADD), genomics, and metabolomics, is expected to accelerate drug development processes.

Conclusion

Javan E, an important penicillin-like compound in Javan seeds, has become a research hotspot in the field of natural product pharmacology due to its significant hypoglycemic and antitumor activity. Its multi-target, multi-mechanism biological effects provide new ideas and strategies for treating major diseases such as diabetes and tumors. Druggability evaluations show that it has promising drug development potential, but in-depth pharmacokinetics, safety, and preclinical studies are still needed.

With continuous advances in natural product research technology and innovations in drug development concepts, Javelin E is expected to become an important candidate for new natural drugs. Future research should strengthen systematic explanations of its mechanism of action, optimize extraction and preparation processes, improve pharmacological and toxicological evaluations, promote clinical application, and achieve successful transformation from "seed" to "drug," contributing to human health.