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Product name: Withanolide A
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP4207
Cas No.: 32911-62-9
Formula: C28H38O6
Mol Weight: 470.606
Botanical Source: Ashwagandha
Type of Compound: Terpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of Withanolide A
HNMR of Withanolide A
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
96.3600
3.0343
3.0345
.0124
2.8513
9.0660
High
81.1478
5.4192
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
0.0
Yes
No
No
Yes
Withanolide A (CAS No.: 32911-62-9) is a naturally occurring steroid ester compound with significant biological activity, mainly isolated from the traditional Indian herb—Ashwagandha (scientific name: Withania somnifera). As a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Indian medicine, Ashwagandha has attracted attention for its diverse pharmacological activities. As one of its main active components, Ashwagandha exhibits multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective effects. In recent years, the potential of drunkenigolide A in apoptosis induction, inflammation regulation, and neurodegenerative disease research has gradually been revealed, becoming a hot topic in pharmacological research of natural products.
This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Solanolide A, plant origin, and extraction methods, focusing on its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, conducting pharmacokinetic analysis combined with druggability parameters, and finally looking ahead to its clinical application prospects, aiming to provide scientific basis and theoretical support for drug development of this natural product.
Solanolide A belongs to the steroidal ester class of steroids, with a molecular formula of C28H38O6 and a molecular weight of 470.6060. Its structural features include a typical steroid framework and lactone rings, with multiple hydroxyl and ketone groups in the structure, giving it strong biological activity. Its LogP value is 3.0343, indicating moderate lipid solubility that facilitates membrane penetration; the polar surface area (TPSA) is 96.36 Ų, indicating the molecule has certain polarity, which helps bind to biological targets.
Lysololide A has relatively low water solubility (0.0124 mg/mL), but its high blood-brain barrier permeability gives it an advantage in research for treating neurological diseases. Additionally, the hERG channel inhibition test results were negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity; Ames' mutagenic test result was 0, indicating no significant mutagenicity and good safety.
Solanolide A mainly comes from Indian nightshade (Withania somnifera), a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, genus Withania. Indian nightshade is widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, possessing multiple pharmacological activities including immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. As one of its main active ingredients, the content of Solanolide A varies among different plant parts and growth stages, with higher levels in roots and leaves.
The main extraction methods for solsolone A include solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and chromatographic separation. Common solvents include ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate. The extraction process typically combines cold dipping or reflux extraction to increase yield. The extract underwent multiple purification steps including concentration, liquid-liquid separation, and silica gel column chromatography, with purity and structure ultimately identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). In recent years, the application of supercritical CO2 extraction and membrane separation technology has also provided new ideas for efficient extraction of solelactone A.
Lylanolide A exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that it can significantly inhibit the expression and secretion of various inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide synthase type 2 (NOS2), and prostaglandin synthase (PTGS1/PTGS2). Its anti-inflammatory effect is achieved by regulating nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the signaling and transcription activator 3 (STAT3) pathways, reducing inflammatory responses and protecting tissues from damage.
Solanolide A can induce apoptosis in various tumor cells and demonstrates good antitumor potential. Its mechanism involves mitochondrial pathway activation, cell cycle arrest, and upregulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression. Lylanolide A promotes programmed cell death by activating the caspase family, especially CASP1. Additionally, it inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, demonstrating broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity.
Solanolide A has excellent neuroprotective functions, especially showing potential therapeutic value in neurodegenerative disease models. Its high blood-brain barrier permeability enables it to effectively act on the central nervous system, reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and protecting neurons from damage. Related studies have shown that lylanolide A can regulate the TRPV1 and TRPA1 plasma channels, relieve neuroinflammation and pain, and promote neurological function recovery.
The multi-target mechanism of sulalolactone A forms the basis for its multiple pharmacological activities. Its main targets include:
At the molecular level, lylanolide A blocks the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, while simultaneously activating antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways, comprehensively regulating the balance of cell survival and death. Additionally, its inhibitory effect on STAT3 further blocks inflammation and tumor cell proliferation signals.
The druggability parameters of Olsololide A indicate that it has good potential for drug development. The molecular weight of 470.6 complies with the Lipinski rule, with a LogP of about 3.03, indicating moderate lipid solubility and favorable oral absorption. The TPSA was 96.36, which is relatively high but still within an acceptable range, supporting effective binding to the target. Low water solubility suggests that solubility needs to be optimized in formulation design to improve bioavailability.
Solanolide A has high blood-brain barrier permeability and is suitable for treating central nervous system diseases. hERG channel inhibition is negative, and Ames tests show no mutagenicity, indicating high safety. Although detailed pharmacokinetic data on it are currently limited, studies have shown that oral alcogenolactone A has good bioavailability, and metabolism in the body mainly occurs through hepatic enzyme systems. The activity and toxicity of these metabolites require further research.
As a versatile natural product, Lylanolide A has broad clinical application potential. Its anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities provide new drug candidates for adjunctive therapy in autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and various cancers. Especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, lylanolide A shows significant application prospects due to its neuroprotective effects and good blood-brain barrier penetration.
Future research should focus on pharmacokinetic optimization, formulation development, and clinical safety validation of druniolactone A. At the same time, combining modern molecular biology and medicinal chemistry methods, the study deeply analyzes its mechanisms of action and target networks, promoting its clinical translation. In addition, the synergistic effects and potential drug interactions between Narlanolide A and other drugs are also worth attention.
As an important active ingredient in Indian nightshade, Dandanolide A has become a focal point of natural product pharmacological research due to its unique steroidal ester structure and multi-target pharmacological activity. It has demonstrated significant biological effects in anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective fields, with good druggability and safety. In the future, through systematic pharmacokinetic studies, mechanistic elucidation, and clinical trials, lylanolide A is expected to become a novel natural drug for treating inflammation-related and neurodegenerative diseases, contributing new strength to human health.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
