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Product name: Withaferin A
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP4186
Cas No.: 5119-48-2
Formula: C28H38O6
Mol Weight: 470.606
Botanical Source: Ashwagandha
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Terpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HNMR of Withaferin A
HPLC of Withaferin A
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
96.3600
3.2928
3.2926
.0202
2.7502
8.9950
High
85.9062
5.7212
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
0.0
No
No
No
Yes
Withaferin A (CAS number: 5119-48-2) is a typical steroidal ester natural product, first isolated from the nightshade plant Withania somnifera. As one of the widely used medicinal plant ingredients in traditional medicine, Narcosol A has attracted much attention for its multi-target and multifunctional pharmacological activity. In recent years, with the deepening development of molecular pharmacology and natural product chemistry, the potential application value of alonisolin A in various disease models such as anti-inflammation and antitumor has gradually been revealed, becoming a hot topic in natural product pharmacology research.
The pharmacological effects of Narcotonin A are mainly attributed to its regulation of various signaling pathways and molecular targets, especially its inhibition of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, as well as its targeted intervention in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin. Additionally, tachysolin A can inhibit the shedding of the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), further affecting inflammatory responses and vascular function. This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Solanin A, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and explores its clinical application prospects and future research directions.
Narcotonin A is a natural ester product in steroids, with a molecular formula of C28H38O6 and a molecular weight of 470.6060. Its structural core is a typical steroid backbone, containing a tetracyclic steroid structure and forming lactone rings at the C-22 and C-26 positions. The structure contains multiple reactive functional groups such as α, β-unsaturated ketones, epoxy groups, and hydroxyl groups, which give it unique bioactivity and chemical reactivity.
In terms of physicochemical properties, the LogP value of Drazolysidin A is 3.2928, showing moderate lipid solubility that benefits cell membrane permeability. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 96.3600, indicating that the molecule has certain polarity, which helps bind to biological macromolecules. Low water solubility (0.0202 mg/mL) suggests limited solubility in the aqueous phase, which may affect bioavailability. Butylene A has a high blood-brain barrier penetration ability, indicating its potential application value in central nervous system diseases. Safety evaluations indicated that it lacked hERG channel inhibitory activity and was negative in Ames-induced mutagenic tests, indicating low toxicological risk.
Withania somnifera is mainly found in nightshade (Withania somnifera), a plant of the nightshade family, widely distributed in India, Pakistan, and the Middle East. In traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine, nightshade is used as a medicinal ingredient to replenish qi and blood, and to relieve inflammation and pain. As one of its main active ingredients, Narcotonin A is usually concentrated in roots and leaves.
Common methods for extracting Solanin A include solvent extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning, and chromatographic purification. Generally, methanol or ethanol is used as extraction solvents, and crude extracts are obtained by reflux extraction or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Subsequently, liquid-liquid distribution was used to remove fat-soluble impurities, and separation and purification were carried out using silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and other technologies. In recent years, supercritical CO2 extraction and molecular blotting technologies have also been applied to the efficient extraction and purification of Narcostinoplastin A, significantly improving yield and purity.
Narcosylstanin A has broad pharmacological activity, covering anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective fields.
Narcotonin A regulates inflammation-related signaling pathways through multiple targets, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory effects. Its main targets include key inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules such as IL-6, STAT3, CASP1, TRPV1, PTGS1, TNF, TRPA1, NOS2, PTGS2, and NFKB1. Research shows that Drazotonin A can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, block the STAT3 signaling pathway, and reduce inflammatory responses. Additionally, the regulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 plasma channels by Narokidin A helps alleviate inflammatory pain.
Nartasolin A exhibits effects in various tumor cell lines by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting metastasis. Its antitumor mechanism involves inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, targeted disruption of cytoskeletal protein vibrate, and regulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins. By covalently binding with vimentin, Drazoledin A can disrupt the cytoskeletal structure and inhibit the migration and invasion ability of tumor cells. Additionally, duptopsidin A induces ROS generation within tumor cells, activating mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis.
Narcotonin A also exhibits antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. In neurological disease models, it alleviates nerve damage by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. The inhibition of the epithelial protein C receptor (EPCR) by duptolysidin A suggests its potential value in vascular protection and antithrombosis.
The mechanism of action of Nartasolin A is complex and diverse, mainly based on its covalent binding to key proteins and regulation of signaling pathways.
NF-κB is a core transcription factor regulating immune and inflammatory responses. Narcotonin A inhibits IκB kinase (IKK) activity, preventing phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, thereby suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation and reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. This mechanism is the key basis for its anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
Vimentin, as an intermediate fibrin, participates in cell morphology, migration, and signal transduction. Narcosylstanin A forms a covalent bond with the thiol group of vimentin, causing alterations in its polymerization state, damaging cytoskeletal integrity, and inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion capabilities.
Narcotonin A regulates various inflammation-related molecules, including IL-6, STAT3, CASP1, TRPV1, PTGS1, TNF, TRPA1, NOS2, PTGS2, and NFKB1, forming a complex signaling network to regulate inflammatory responses. Additionally, Narupolin A inhibits the shedding of endothelial protein C receptors (EPCR), maintains vascular endothelial function, and prevents inflammation and thrombosis.
The druggability parameters of Dracotonin A indicate that it has good potential for drug development. The molecular weight of 470.6060 complies with the Lipinski rule, and the LogP value of 3.2928 indicates moderate lipid solubility, which is favorable for cell membrane penetration. TPSA is 96.3600, indicating a certain polarity that helps bind to target proteins. Lower water solubility may limit its oral bioavailability, but it can be improved through pharmaceutical formulation technology.
Narcotonin A can cross the blood-brain barrier, demonstrating its potential advantages in central nervous system diseases. In terms of safety, Ames tests without hERG channel inhibitory activity and negative results indicate low risks of cardiotoxicity and genotoxicity.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that alkalin A is rapidly distributed and metabolized in the body, mainly through the hepatic metabolic enzyme system. Its half-life is moderate, making it suitable for multiple dosing sessions. In the future, further optimization of its pharmacokinetic properties is needed to improve in vivo stability and bioavailability.
As a multi-target natural product, Narcotonin A has broad clinical application potential. Its remarkable anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities give it promising applications in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and various malignant tumors. Especially in cancer treatment, Drazolysidin A can overcome tumor cell resistance and metastasis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and disrupting the cytoskeleton, offering potential as an adjunct or combination therapy.
In addition, research on Drazolysidin A in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and immune regulation is gradually underway, and its inhibitory effect on EPCR shedding offers new therapeutic approaches for vascular protection. In the future, combined with modern drug formulation technologies such as nanocarriers and liposomes, the bioavailability and targeting of Idonisolin A are expected to be significantly improved.
However, the clinical translation of Narcotonin A still faces many challenges, including poor water solubility, rapid metabolism in vivo, and potential nonspecific effects. Future research should focus on structural modification, dosage form optimization, and systemic toxicological evaluation to promote their clinical application.
As a typical natural steroid ester product, Narcotonin A demonstrates broad pharmacological activity in anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and vascular protection due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target regulatory capabilities. Its inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and its targeting effect on waveform proteins provide a solid molecular foundation for its antitumor and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Druggability evaluation shows good drug development potential, but limitations in water solubility and pharmacokinetics still need to be overcome.
In the future, in-depth research on Dracotonin A will help reveal more of its biological functions and promote its clinical application. By combining structural optimization with modern formulation technology, Dratithosidin A is expected to become a novel drug for treating various inflammation-related diseases and tumors, making significant contributions to the field of natural product pharmacology.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
