Product name: Zerumbone
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP4116
Cas No.: 471-05-6
Formula: C₁₅H₂₂O
Mol Weight: 218.34
Botanical Source: Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith
Physical Description:
Type of Compound:

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

HPLC of Zerumbone

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Zerumbone (CAS No.: 471-05-6) is a natural cyclosesquiterpene compound derived from the ginger family plant Zingiber zerumbet. As a natural product with significant biological activity, ginger ketone has attracted attention for its diverse pharmacological effects, especially showing promising application potential in anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and antimutagenic fields. In recent years, with the deepening of pharmacological research on natural products, the molecular mechanisms, target effects, and druggability evaluation of ginger ketone have become clearer, providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for its clinical translation. This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure, sources and extraction, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability parameters, and future clinical application prospects of Huajiangerone, hoping to provide reference and inspiration for researchers in related fields.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Gingerone is a typical cyclosesesquiterpene compound, with a molecular formula of C15H22O and a molecular weight of 218.34. Its structural features include a ring-shaped framework containing α,β-unsaturated ketone groups, which gives it strong biological activity. The LogP value of saliberone is 4.0941, indicating high lipid solubility, which helps penetrate cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Its topological polar surface area (TPSA) is 17.07, indicating low molecular polarity and further supporting its good membrane permeability. Low water solubility (0.0801 mg/mL) suggests limited solubility in the body, which may affect oral bioavailability. The hERG channel inhibition test results were negative, indicating a low risk of shalberone cardiotoxicity. The Ames mutagenicity test was 0.0, indicating no significant mutagenicity and good safety.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Ginger ketones are mainly isolated from Zingiber zerumbet (commonly known as flower ginger). Zingiber zerumbet is a tropical ginger plant widely distributed in tropical Asia, traditionally used to treat inflammation, infections, and digestive system diseases. Gingerone mainly accumulates in plant rhizomes and inflorescences, with its content varying with growth stages and environmental conditions.

The extraction method mostly uses solvent extraction combined with chromatography separation technology. Common solvents include ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate, which are extracted using ultrasound-assisted or reflux extraction to improve extraction efficiency. After coarse separation, the extract was purified using silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), ultimately obtaining high-purity gingerone. In recent years, supercritical CO2 extraction technology, due to its environmental friendliness and high efficiency, has also been applied to extract ginger ketone, further improving extraction purity and yield.

Pharmacological activity research

Anti-inflammatory activity

Gingerone exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity, effectively inhibiting the production and release of various inflammatory mediators. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cavalone can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, thereby reducing inflammatory responses. Its anti-inflammatory effects have been validated in various inflammation models, including arthritis, colitis, and neuroinflammation.

Anticancer activity

Gingerone exhibits antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in various tumor cell lines. It exerts anticancer effects through multiple mechanisms including regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor metastasis. Research shows that ginger ketones can inhibit the STAT3 signaling pathway, blocking the growth and survival of tumor cells. In addition, shallotindrone inhibits various types of cancer such as liver cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, demonstrating a broad spectrum of anti-cancer properties.

Antibacterial and antimutagenic activity

Gingerone exhibits inhibitory effects on various Gram-positive and negative bacteria, with potential antibacterial activity especially against drug-resistant strains. At the same time, its antimutagenic activity works by inhibiting DNA damage and promoting cell repair mechanisms, thereby reducing the risk of gene mutations.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The pharmacological effects of gingerone are closely related to its regulation of multiple molecular targets. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism mainly involves the following targets:

• IL-6 (interleukin-6): Halberidone inhibits IL-6 expression and blocks pro-inflammatory signaling.
• STAT3 (Signal Transduction and Transcription Activator 3): By inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, hephedrone blocks inflammatory and tumor-related signaling pathways.
• CASP1 (Caspase 1): regulates the activation of inflammasomes and reduces inflammatory responses.
• TRPV1/TRPA1 (transient receptor potential channels): regulate neuroinflammation and pain signaling.
• PTGS1/PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase 1/2): Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and relieves inflammation.
• TNF (tumor necrosis factor): reduces the production of TNF-α and lowers the inflammatory cascade.
• NOS2 (induced nitric oxide synthase): inhibits excessive NO production and prevents oxidative stress.
• NFKB1 (nuclear factor κB): blocks the NF-κB signaling pathway and regulates inflammatory gene expression.

The synergistic effect of these molecular targets enables sedangalone to demonstrate multi-target and multi-mechanism advantages in the fields of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, enhancing the breadth and depth of its pharmacological activity.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

The druggability parameters of sangangerone indicate that it has promising potential for drug development. It has a moderate molecular weight and high lipid solubility, which is beneficial for oral absorption and cell membrane penetration. Low TPSA and high blood-brain barrier permeability suggest its potential for treatment of central nervous system-related diseases. Low water solubility is a major challenge to druggability, requiring improved bioavailability through pharmaceutical formulation technologies such as nanocarriers and solid dispersions.

In vivo pharmacokinetic studies show that hejigacritone is rapidly absorbed orally and widely distributed, especially at higher concentrations in liver and brain tissue. Its metabolism mainly occurs through the hepatic enzyme system, with a moderate half-life, and excretion mainly relies on bile and urine. hERG channel inhibition tests are negative and non-mutagenic, ensuring its safety.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Given the significant activity of ginger ketones in anti-inflammation, anticancer, and antibacterial aspects, their clinical application prospects are broad. Currently, hejigaldrone is still in the preclinical research stage, and further systematic toxicological evaluations and clinical trials are needed to verify its safety and efficacy. Based on its excellent blood-brain barrier permeability, ginger ketones are expected to be developed for the treatment of central nervous system diseases such as neuroinflammation and brain tumors.

Moreover, the multi-target mechanism of gingerone offers possibilities for multidimensional treatment of complex diseases, especially offering potential advantages in combination cancer therapy and chronic inflammatory disease management. Future research should focus on optimizing its pharmacokinetics, innovating dosage forms, and combination therapy strategies to promote its translation from laboratory research to clinical application.

Conclusion

As a natural cyclosesquiterpene compound, Huajiangone demonstrates great potential as a new type of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug due to its diverse pharmacological activities and good druggability. Its unique chemical structure and multi-target mechanism of action provide a valuable example for pharmacological research of natural products. In the future, through in-depth mechanistic research, pharmacokinetic optimization, and clinical validation, sangalin ketone is expected to become an important member of natural product drug development, bringing new hope and options for the treatment of related diseases.