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Product name: Rebaudioside M
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP4071
Cas No.: 1220616-44-3
Formula: C56H90O33
Mol Weight: 1291.3
Botanical Source: Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl.
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Diterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams, up to kilograms.
Inquire for bulk scale.
HPLC of Rebaudioside M
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
532.4300
-1.4439
-1.4430
5.6678
.3975
.3670
Low
48.7720
7.0529
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
0.0
Yes
No
No
Yes
Rebaudioside M (hereafter referred to as Rebaudioside M) is a type derived from stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). ) and belongs to the Ent-Kaurene Diterpenoid glycoside class. As an important member of the stevia family, Rui M has attracted widespread attention in the food and pharmaceutical industries in recent years due to its extremely high sweetness (more than 350 times that of sucrose), low calorie characteristics, and diverse pharmacological activities. In addition to serving as a natural sweetener to replace traditional sugars, Rui M has demonstrated multiple biological effects including anti-diabetes, blood pressure-lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-caries, and anti-cancer effects, demonstrating its potential application value in the prevention and treatment of metabolic and chronic diseases.
This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Rebautiside M, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and explore its clinical application prospects, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research direction for subsequent basic research and product development.
Rebaudicin M has a chemical structure belonging to the glycoside class of pentadiene diterpene glycosides, with the molecular formula C₆₀H₁₀₂O₃₇ and a molecular weight of 1291.3030. Its core structure is an ent-kaurene-type diterpene skeleton, connecting multiple glucose residues to form a complex polysaccharide structure. Rui M has a LogP value of -1.4439, indicating strong hydrophilicity, with a water solubility index of 5.6678, indicating good water solubility. Its topological polar surface area (TPSA) reaches up to 532.43 Ų, suggesting that the molecule is highly polarized and difficult to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which aligns with its low BBB permeability.
Rui M did not show hERG channel inhibitory activity, and Ames-induced mutagenic test results were negative, indicating high safety and low genotoxicity risk. Its physicochemical properties determine the absorption and distribution characteristics of Rui M in the body, especially its high polarity and large molecular weight limiting its oral bioavailability, but its low toxicity and good water solubility provide favorable conditions for its use as a food additive and pharmaceutical excipient.
Rebaudicin M is mainly found in stevia leaves, a perennial herb native to South America, widely cultivated and utilized for its sweet compound. Stevia leaves contain various types of beta-glycosides, mainly including rebaudicin A, rebaudicin D, and rebaudicin M. Among them, the content of rebautiside is relatively low, accounting for about 1%-2% of total sweetsides.
The extraction of Rui M usually includes the following steps:
In recent years, with the optimization of extraction processes, green technologies such as supercritical CO₂ extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted extraction have been introduced into Rui M extraction, significantly improving yield and purity while reducing production costs. In addition, research on the regulation of Rui M's biosynthetic pathway by genetic engineering and metabolic engineering methods in stevia provides new ideas for efficient future production of Rui M.
As a natural sweetener, Rebaudiside M not only has excellent sweetness characteristics, but its pharmacological activity is gradually being revealed, mainly including the following aspects:
Rui M regulates blood glucose metabolism-related pathways through multiple targets, demonstrating significant blood sugar-lowering effects. In vitro and animal model studies show that Rui M can enhance the function of pancreatic islet β cells, enhance insulin sensitivity, regulate the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, and improve glucose metabolism disorders. Its targets involve key molecules such as glucokinase (GCK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), dipeptidopeptide peptidase-4 (DPP4), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), glucose transporter 4 (SLC2A4), and insulin receptor (INSR), coordinating insulin signaling pathways and glucose uptake.
Rui M improves vascular function and lowers blood pressure by regulating vasodilatory factors and inhibiting vasoconstrictor factors. Animal experiments have shown that Rui M can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, reduce vascular endothelial damage, and exert antihypertensive effects.
Rui M has significant anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-6), thereby reducing inflammatory responses. At the same time, Rui M can scavenge free radicals, enhance antioxidant enzyme activity, reduce oxidative stress damage, and protect cells from oxidative damage.
Rui M inhibits oral cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, reducing plaque formation and acid production, thereby lowering the incidence of dental caries. Its sugar-free nature makes it an ideal oral health sweetener.
Preliminary in vitro studies have shown that Rui M can exert certain anti-tumor activity by inducing cancer cell apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration. The specific mechanisms still require further exploration.
The multiple pharmacological effects of Rebaudiside M are attributed to its regulation of multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets, with particularly prominent applications in metabolic diseases.
Ruim reduces pro-inflammatory factor expression by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses. At the same time, it activates the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway, enhancing intracellular antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) to resist oxidative stress.
Rui M inhibits ACE activity, reduces angiotensin II production, promotes nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, dilates blood vessels, and lowers peripheral resistance.
Rui M induces cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may inhibit tumor cell proliferation and migration by regulating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.
Druggability evaluation of Rebaudiside M shows good safety and low toxicity. Its large molecular weight and strong polarity result in low oral bioavailability and difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects. Rui M does not inhibit hERG channels, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity; a negative Ames test indicates no genotoxicity.
Pharmacokinetics, Remi-M is mainly absorbed in the intestines and metabolized by the liver, with some being broken down by gut microbes into rebaudicone and other metabolites. It has a long elimination half-life, making it suitable for everyday use as a food additive. Due to its good water solubility, Rui M is mainly distributed in the body and is limited to blood and peripheral tissues, rarely entering brain tissue.
In the future, through the development of drug delivery systems such as nanocarriers and liposomes, it is expected to improve the oral absorption and targeting of Rui M, thereby enhancing its efficacy.
Rebautiside M, as a natural sweetener with high sweetness and low calories, has been widely used in the food and beverage industry to meet consumers' demand for healthy eating. Its multiple pharmacological activities make it promising for adjunctive treatment of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic inflammation.
In the future, with further in-depth research into the biological mechanisms of Rui M's action and combined with modern drug development technologies, Rui M is expected to become a multifunctional health product and a drug lead compound. Especially in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and related metabolic diseases, Rui M may offer new therapeutic strategies through multi-target synergistic effects.
In addition, Rui M's anti-cavity properties offer new directions for the development of oral health products. Preliminary discoveries of anti-cancer potential also suggest its value in adjuvant therapy for tumors, but more preclinical and clinical research validation is needed.
In terms of production processes, the optimization of green and environmentally friendly extraction and purification technologies and biosynthesis methods will promote the industrialization of Rui M, reduce costs, and increase output.
Rebaudiside M, as an important natural sweetener in stevia, not only meets the needs of the food industry with its outstanding sweetness but also attracts high attention in pharmacology and drug development due to its broad pharmacological activity. Its multiple biological effects in anti-diabetes, blood pressure-lowering, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, anti-cavity, and anti-cancer effects reveal its tremendous potential as a functional natural product.
Although clinical research on Rui M is still in its early stages, its good safety and clear target of action lay a solid foundation for the future development of new natural drugs and health products. With continuous advancements in extraction technology and drug delivery systems, Rui M is expected to play an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases and related chronic diseases.
In summary, Rebaudiside M is not only a star compound in the field of natural sweeteners but also a versatile natural active ingredient with broad application prospects, worthy of further in-depth research and development.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
