Product name: Fructo-oligosaccharide DP11/GF10
Synonym name: α-D-Glucopyranoside, [O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2-1)]9-β-D-fructofuranosyl
Catalogue No.: BP4069
Cas No.: 137405-36-8
Formula: C₆₆H₁₁₂O₅₆
Mol Weight: 1801.57
Botanical Source:
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Oligoses

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.

HPLC of  Fructo-oligosaccharide DP11/GF10

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP11 (FOS DP11 or GF10) is a fructo-oligosaccharide formed by fructose units linked by β-(2→1) glycosidic bonds, with a molecular weight of about 1800 Da. As a typical prebiotic, sucrose undecose exhibits significant biological activity in regulating intestinal microecological balance, promoting beneficial bacterial growth, and improving intestinal barrier function. In recent years, with in-depth research on the relationship between gut microecology and human health, sucrose undecose has become one of the hot topics in natural product pharmacology research due to its excellent safety and multi-target regulatory properties.

This review will systematically elaborate on the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of uncane undecose (cane undecoseride), plant origin and extraction methods, progress in pharmacological activity research, mechanisms of action and related molecular targets, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and finally explore its clinical application prospects and future development directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for the in-depth development and clinical transformation of this natural product.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Sucralose undecosaccharide is a fructo-type oligosaccharide, mainly composed of 11 fructose units, usually ending with a glucose unit. Its chemical formula is C72H120O60, and its molecular weight is 1801.5660 Da. Structurally, FOS DP11 linearly connects fructose units via β-(2→1) glycosidic bonds, offering high water solubility and stability.

In terms of physicochemical properties, the LogP value of undecose cane fruit is -5.5601, indicating strong polarity and good hydrophilicity; TPSA (topological polar surface area) reaches as high as 901.8800, further reflecting its polar molecular characteristics. Water solubility is 28.1733 mg/mL, suitable for oral administration. Its molecular structure makes it difficult for human digestive enzymes to break down, allowing it to reach the colon smoothly and exert its prebiotic effects. Undecose cane does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier, hERG channel inhibition test was negative, and Ames mutagenic test score was 0.9, indicating high safety.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Undecase cane is mainly found in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and other plants rich in fructan. In industrial production, undecosaccharide is mostly prepared by hydrolyzing natural polysaccharides enzymatically or by utilizing microbial fermentation technology. Common extraction methods include:

1. Enzymatic hydrolysis: Using fructosan hydrolase (if glycanase) to partially hydrolyze natural polysaccharides, controlling reaction conditions (temperature, pH, enzyme concentration) to obtain fructooligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization.
2. Membrane separation technology: Using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration technologies to separate and purify fructans of different degrees of polymerization, enhancing product purity and uniformity.
3. Chromatographic separation: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ion exchange chromatography are used to further separate and identify FOS with different degrees of polymerization.

These methods ensure high purity and bioactivity of uncane undecane sugar, providing a reliable material foundation for its pharmacological research and applications.

Pharmacological activity research

The pharmacological activity of uncane undecose mainly manifests in its prebiotic function, selectively promoting the proliferation of beneficial gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. and lactobacillus spp., improving gut microbiota structure, and enhancing intestinal immune function. Specific manifestations include:

• Regulating gut microbiota: Uncane undecose significantly promotes the growth of bifidobacteria, inhibits pathogenic bacteria, and maintains dynamic microbial balance.
• Enhances the intestinal barrier: By upregulating the expression of tight connecter proteins (such as OCLN, ZO1, CLDN1), the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is improved, reducing intestinal permeability.
• Immunomodulatory effect: Activates innate intestinal immune receptors (such as TLR2, TLR4), promotes secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-22), and regulates the local immune microenvironment.
• Metabolic regulation: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from uncane undecose fermentation are mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPR41, GPR43) to regulate energy metabolism and inflammatory responses.

Animal experiments and in vitro cell models have confirmed the potential value of undecose in the prevention and adjunctive treatment of enteritis, metabolic syndrome, immune dysregulation, and other diseases.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The biological effects of uncane undecose depend on its interactions with various molecular targets, mainly including:

• TLR4 and TLR2 (Toll-like receptors): Sucralose undecose regulates the TLR signaling pathway, activates intestinal immune cells, promotes anti-inflammatory responses and immune tolerance, and reduces inflammatory damage.
• MUC2 (mucin 2): Promotes intestinal secretion of mucin, strengthens mucus layer thickness, and prevents pathogen invasion.
• OCLN, ZO1, CLDN1 (tight junction protein): Upregulate the expression of these proteins, repair the intestinal barrier structure, reduce intestinal permeability, and prevent endotoxins from entering the bloodstream.
• IL-22 (interleukin-22): Sucralose undecose stimulates IL-22 secretion, promoting intestinal epithelial cell repair and antimicrobial peptide production.
• GPR41 and GPR43 (short-chain fatty acid receptors): SCFAs, fermented products from sucrose undecosaccharide, activate these receptors, regulate inflammatory responses, and metabolize balance.
• BIFIDO (Bifidobacteria): As a probiotic promoter, uncane undecosaccharide selectively promotes bifidobacteria growth, indirectly regulating intestinal immunity and metabolism.

The synergistic effects of these targets construct a multi-level, multi-pathway pharmacological network of uncane undecose, reflecting its complex biological function as a prebiotic.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

Druggability evaluation of uncane undecose shows good safety and drug compatibility. It has high polarity and good water solubility, making it suitable for oral administration. However, due to its large molecular weight and complex structure, it mainly acts in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, making it difficult for the intestinal epithelium to absorb into systemic circulation. It has a low blood-brain barrier penetration rate, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects.

The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. Ames mutagenic test score was 0.9, indicating no significant mutagenicity and relatively high safety. Pharmacokinetics, undecose in the gastrointestinal tract is not broken down by digestive enzymes; after entering the colon, it is fermented by the gut microbiota, producing short-chain fatty acids and exerting pharmacological effects. Its metabolites and effects are mainly limited to the intestinal environment, with very little systemic absorption.

In summary, sucrose undecose is suitable for development as a prebiotic formulation targeting the intestines, with good safety and drug potential.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Based on the significant role of uncane undecose in regulating gut microbiota, enhancing the intestinal barrier, and regulating immunity, its clinical application prospects are broad, mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Adjunctive treatment for intestinal diseases: including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, which improves the gut microecology and barrier function, alleviates symptoms, and promotes intestinal repair.
2. Metabolic disease interventions: For conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, undecose helps improve insulin resistance and inflammation by regulating gut microbiota and SCFAs-mediated metabolic signaling pathways.
3. Immune function regulation: In adjunctive therapy for immunodeficiency, allergic diseases, and tumors, undecose can act as an immunomodulator to enhance the body's immune defense capabilities.
4. Infant nutritional supplements: As a prebiotic ingredient, uncane undecose helps promote the healthy gut microbiota of infants and prevents intestinal infections and allergies.

In the future, by combining modern biotechnology with nanocarrier systems, targeted delivery and combination drug strategies for uncane undecose will further enhance its clinical efficacy. Moreover, in-depth research based on multi-omics technology is expected to reveal more precise mechanisms of action and personalized application potential.

Conclusion

As a safe and effective natural prebiotic, cane undecose shows broad application prospects in gut health maintenance and related disease prevention and treatment due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target regulatory capabilities. Current research has preliminarily revealed its mechanism of action and pharmacological activity, but more clinical trials and mechanistic studies are needed to promote its clinical translation and industrialization. In the future, with continuous advances in intestinal microecology and natural product pharmacology, undecasulated sucrose is expected to become an important natural medicinal resource for regulating intestinal function and improving human health.