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Product name: 11-Oxomogroside IIIe
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP2024
Cas No.: 2096516-68-4
Formula: C48H80O19
Mol Weight: 961.149
Botanical Source:
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of 11-Oxomogroside IIIe
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
315.2100
1.8230
1.8233
.2288
.4573
.6465
Low
69.0135
6.5051
No
No
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
No
No
As the incidence of diabetes continues to rise, finding safe and effective antidiabetic drugs has become a key topic in global medical research. Natural products, due to their structural diversity and rich bioactivity, have become valuable resources for new drug development. Monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenori), as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and natural sweetener, has attracted attention for its unique triterpenoid glycoside components. 11-O-Oxomogroside IIIe is a triterpenoid glycoside compound isolated from monk fruit, and in recent years has shown significant potential in the field of anti-diabetic treatment. This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and druggability evaluation of 11-O-monk glycoside IIIe, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and research direction for its clinical application and new drug development.
11-O-monk glycoside IIIe belongs to the guabiturane-type triterpene glycoside class with a complex molecular formula and a molecular weight of 961.1490. Its structural core is a pentacyclic triterpene backbone, with the 11 hydroxyl groups oxidized to form a ketone group, hence the name 11-Oxomogroside IIIe. This compound contains multiple glycoside chains, giving it high polarity and water solubility. Physicochemical property data show a LogP value of 1.8230, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane permeability. The polar surface area (TPSA) reached as high as 315.2100, indicating strong molecular polarity, which may affect oral absorption and bioavailability. Water solubility is 0.2288, indicating a certain solubility in water, which is beneficial for formulation development. The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity; The Ames mutagenic test result was 0.0, indicating extremely low genotoxicity risk and good safety.
11-O-Monk Glycoside IIIe mainly originates from Monk Fruit (Siraitia grosvenori), a perennial vine of the Cucurbitaceae family, native to southern China. Monk fruit is widely cultivated and utilized due to its natural sweetness and medicinal value. 11-O-Luo Han Guoside IIIe is one of the main triterpene glycoside components in Luo Han Guo, and is usually extracted and isolated through the following steps:
This extraction method has high selectivity and purity, meeting the needs of subsequent pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies.
Research on the pharmacological activity of 11-O-monk fruit glycoside IIIe in the antidiabetic field mainly focuses on regulating blood glucose metabolism, improving insulin resistance, and protecting pancreatic β cell function.
Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that 11-O-monk glycoside IIIe can significantly lower blood glucose levels. It regulates glucose-related enzymes and signaling pathways through multiple targets, promotes glucose uptake and utilization, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and thus exerts its hypoglycemic effect.
11-O-monglycoside IIIe can enhance insulin signaling and improve insulin resistance. Studies have shown that this compound promotes phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, facilitates the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the cell membrane, and enhances glucose uptake.
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are important pathological mechanisms for the onset and development of diabetes. 11-O-Romonfruit Glycoside IIIe exhibits certain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, alleviating oxidative damage, and protecting the function of pancreatic islets β cells.
Some studies have also found that 11-O-monk fruit glycoside IIIe can regulate lipid metabolism, improve adipose tissue function, assist in controlling glucolipid metabolism disorders, and have potential comprehensive metabolic regulation effects.
The antidiabetic effect of 11-O-monk fruit glycoside IIIe involves multiple signaling pathways and key molecular targets, with the specific mechanisms as follows:
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as the "energy sensor" of cellular energy metabolism, plays a central role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. 11-O-monk glycoside IIIe can activate AMPK (including the PRKAA1 subunit), promote glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, inhibit gluconeogenesis and fat synthesis, thereby improving metabolic status.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a key target for glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules. 11-O-monk fruit glycoside IIIe shows an inhibitory effect on SGLT2, reducing renal glucose reabsorption, promoting urinary glucose excretion, and lowering blood sugar.
Glucokinase (GCK) is a rate-limiting enzyme for glucose metabolism in the liver and pancreatic islet β cells. 11-O-monk glycoside IIIe increases glucose phosphorylation rate by activating GCK, promoting glucose metabolism, and enhancing insulin secretion.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) is a key regulator of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. 11-O-monk fruit glycoside IIIe can regulate PPARG expression, improve lipid metabolism, and alleviate insulin resistance.
11-O-monk fruit glycoside IIIe promotes activation of AKT1 and PIK3R1, enhances the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, promotes glucose transport and metabolism, and maintains cellular energy balance.
Dipeptidel peptidase 4 (DPP4) participates in the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 11-O-monk fruit glycoside IIIe has a certain inhibitory effect on DPP4, prolongs the duration of GLP-1 action, promotes insulin secretion, and inhibits gluconeogenesis.
By promoting IRS1 phosphorylation and SLC2A4 expression, 11-O-monk glycoside IIIe enhances insulin signaling transduction and glucose uptake, improving glucose metabolism disorders.
In summary, 11-O-monk fruit glycoside IIIe regulates glycolipid metabolism and insulin signaling through multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic effects, exerting anti-diabetic effects.
The druggability evaluation of 11-O-mongoside IIIe shows that it has good safety and potential drug development value.
Its molecular weight is relatively large (961.1490) and TPSA, suggesting that oral bioavailability may be limited, but a moderate LogP value (1.8230) favors cell membrane penetration. Moderate water solubility (0.2288), which is beneficial for formulation design. Low blood-brain barrier permeability reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects.
The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames mutagenic test result was 0.0, indicating extremely low genotoxicity risk and good safety.
Currently, pharmacokinetic research on 11-O-monstroside IIIe is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo experiments suggest that oral absorption is relatively slow and bioavailability is limited, possibly due to its high polarity and large molecular weight. Liver metabolism mainly relies on glycoside hydrolysis and oxidation reactions, and the activity of these metabolites requires further study. The main excretory routes are bile and urine.
In the future, systematic pharmacokinetics and toxicology studies should be conducted to optimize administration methods and dosage forms to enhance clinical application potential.
11-O-monk glycoside IIIe, as a natural triterpene glycoside compound, demonstrates multi-target antidiabetic activity and good safety, showing significant potential for clinical translation.
11-O-monk glycoside IIIe, an important guabiturane triterpene glycoside compound in monk fruit, shows broad prospects for drug development due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target antidiabetic activity. By activating AMPK, inhibiting SGLT2, and regulating PPARG and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, it systematically regulates glycolipid metabolism and insulin signaling, demonstrating good safety and potential clinical value. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen pharmacokinetics and clinical research, optimize formulation technologies, and promote the transformation from natural products to clinical drugs, providing new strategies and options for the treatment of diabetes and metabolic diseases.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
