+86-28-82633987
Product name: Silychristin
Synonym name: Silicristin, Silymarin II
Catalogue No.: BP1306
Cas No.: 33889-69-9
Formula: C25H22O10
Mol Weight: 482.441
Botanical Source: Silybum mariamum （L.）Gaertrn.
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Flavonoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Description:
Silychristin is a plant growth regulator, is an anti-hepatotoxic agent, is also an inhibitor of horseradish peroxidases and lipoxygenase.
References:
ongress of the Turkish Toxicology Society. 2015,10.
In vitro assessment of human CYP1A1 inhibition potential of Resveratrol and Silychristin
Flavonoids are phenolic compounds with low molecule weight, which are found most plants in nature. They are so important for human health due to their biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects. Cancer protective effects of flavonoids have been attributed to wide variety of mechanisms such as free radical scavenging and modifying Phase I and Phase II enzymes that activate or detoxify carcinogens. Resveratrol and Silychristin are phenolic compounds that may have roles in the reduction of cancer susceptibility. One of the possible mechanism by which resveratrol and Silychristin may exert their anti-carcinogenic effects is through an interaction by certain CYP450s.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this respect, the focus of this study is to determine the mechanisms of inhibition of CYP1A1, that is known to be involved in the activation of procarcinogens by resveratrol and Silychristin. Bistronic expression system that coexpress human CYP1A1 and NADPH CYP450 Reductase were used to investigate this effect. Co-expression plasmid was transformed into E. coli DH5alpha. Single colony was selected and grown in overnight culture at 30°C in LB medium. Membrane fractions were prepared and used for enzyme source. Resveratrol inhibited ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) activity in human P450 1A1 in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 21 μM. Moreover, resveratrol inhibited human P450 1A1 activity in a mixed-type inhibition. In the case of Silychristin, the inhibition of human P450 1A1 by this phenolic compound was stronger than resveratrol. (IC50 15.83 μM for EROD). Similiarly, it showed mixed type inhibition.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study indicated that these phenolics were strong and selective inhibitors of CYP1A1 associated EROD activity and may be considered for use as a strong cancer chemopreventive agent in humans by the preventing malignant transformation and reducing the activations of carcinogens through inhibition of CYP1A1.
HPLC of Silychristin
HNMR of Silychristin
HNMR of Silychristin
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
166.1400
1.6920
1.5591
.3492
1.6029
1.0538
Low
89.1051
4.1991
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
No
Silychristin, as one of the important flavonoid components in the fruit of Silybum marianum, has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years. Silythist not only exhibits significant antioxidant activity but has also been found to be an effective inhibitor of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 (Monocarboxylate Transporter 8), strongly suppressing the uptake of triiodothyronine (T3), demonstrating potential biological functions and clinical value. This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of silymarten pavilion, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and clinical application prospects, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and reference for subsequent basic research and drug development.
Silythist has the molecular formula C25H22O10 and a molecular weight of 482.4410, belonging to the flavonolignan class of flavonolignan compounds. Its chemical structure consists of a typical flavonoid backbone, supplemented by multiple hydroxyl and methoxy substituents, giving it excellent antioxidant properties. The topological polar surface area (TPSA) of silymart pavilion is 166.14 Ų, indicating that its molecules have strong polarity, which is favorable for hydrogen bonding and polar interactions with biomacromolecules. The LogP value was 1.692, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates membrane penetration without becoming overly hydrophobic. Water solubility is 0.3492, indicating limited solubility in water but sufficient to support distribution and absorption within living organisms. Its low blood-brain barrier permeability suggests that silymaranth pavilion has limited distribution in the central nervous system. In addition, silymarten pavilion does not show hERG channel inhibitory activity, and the Ames mutagenic test was negative, indicating high safety and a solid foundation for druggability.
Milk thistle is mainly found in the fruit of the milk thistle, a traditional herb widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and many temperate regions worldwide. Silythist fruit contains various flavonoids and flavonoids, with silymarten being one of the most abundant and biologically active components.
Milk thistle pavilion extraction usually uses organic solvent extraction methods, with commonly used solvents including ethanol, methanol, and their aqueous solutions. The extraction process generally includes the following steps: first, crush the dried milk thistle fruit, then perform reflux extraction with a certain proportion of ethanol aqueous solution. After concentration, separation, and purification, the extract is identified and purified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other technologies. In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction technologies have also been applied to improve the extraction efficiency and purity of silymarten pavilions. Additionally, countercurrent chromatography and column chromatography techniques are commonly used for the separation and purification of silymaranth pavilions, ensuring their structural integrity and biological activity.
As a typical flavonoid compound, silymart pavilion exhibits strong antioxidant activity. Its multi-hydroxyl structure can effectively eliminate free radicals and reduce cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In vitro experiments show that silymarten can significantly increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), reduce the formation of lipid peroxidation products, and protect cell membranes and DNA from oxidative damage.
The research on silymarten pavilion in liver protection is particularly outstanding. It exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant effects by modulating various molecular targets associated with liver injury, such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), ribulose-5-phosphate dehydrogenase (NQO1), nuclear factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). Animal model studies have shown that silymarten pavilion can reduce liver cell damage induced by alcohol, drugs, or toxins, lower liver fibrosis, and promote liver tissue repair.
In recent years, silymarten has been found to be an effective inhibitor of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8. MCT8 is an important transporter of the thyroid hormone T3, regulating its entry into cells. Silythistle Pavilion strongly inhibits T3 uptake at an IC50 concentration of about 110 nM, suggesting its potential regulatory role in regulating thyroid hormone signaling pathways. This finding provides new ideas and targets for studying thyroid dysfunction and related diseases.
The biological activity of silymart pavilion is based on its regulatory ability to target various molecules, mainly involving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and signal-transduction pathway regulation.
Antioxidant-related targets
Milk thistle pavilion activates the NRF2 signaling pathway, promoting the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes such as NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPX1, thereby enhancing cellular antioxidant defense. At the same time, silymaranth can induce HMOX1 expression, exerting cellular protective effects and reducing damage caused by oxidative stress.
Targets related to liver fibrosis
Silymaranth pavilion inhibits the activity of MMP9 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1), blocks excessive deposition of extracellular matrix during liver fibrosis, and activates hepatic stellate cells, thereby reducing the progression of liver fibrosis. Additionally, silymarten pavilion regulates actin α2 (ACTA2) expression and helps inhibit the contraction and migration of fibrosis-related cells.
Thyroid hormone transport inhibition
As an MCT8 inhibitor, silymart pavilion blocks cellular uptake of T3, which may affect intracellular signaling and metabolism of thyroid hormones. This mechanism of action provides a potential pharmacological basis for treating certain thyroid hormone-related diseases, such as MCT8 deficiency.
Milk thistle pavilion has good medicinal properties. Its molecular weight is moderate (482.44 Da), with a LogP value of 1.692, meeting the Lipinski rules requirements for lipid solubility and molecular size, which is beneficial for oral absorption. A high TPSA (166.14 Ų) suggests strong polarity, which may limit passive diffusion but favors binding to target proteins. Silythist Pavilion has low water solubility (0.3492), suggesting that appropriate formulation strategies may be needed in vivo to improve bioavailability.
The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, reducing the potential risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test showed no mutagenicity, indicating a low risk of genotoxicity.
Currently, pharmacokinetic data on silythistle pavilion are limited. Preliminary studies show that its metabolism is stable in vivo and is mainly biotransformed through hepatic metabolic enzymes. In the future, systematic in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies are needed to clarify its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics, providing a basis for clinical development.
As a natural product, Silythisma Pavilion, with its multi-target and multi-mechanism pharmacological activity, demonstrates broad clinical application potential. Its application in liver protection is particularly prominent, and in the future, it is expected to become an adjunct or leading drug for treating hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver injury. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, silymart pavilion may also play a protective role in cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Additionally, silymarten pavilion's inhibitory effect on the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 provides a new therapeutic target for thyroid hormone-related diseases such as MCT8 deficiency (Alllan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome). In the future, through structural optimization and drug design, silymarten and its derivatives are expected to develop innovative drugs targeting thyroid hormone metabolism disorders.
However, the clinical translation of silymaranth pavilion still faces many challenges, including issues such as bioavailability, in vivo stability, and safety assessment. Systematic preclinical and clinical studies are needed to clarify its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological characteristics, and optimize dosage regimens and formulation design.
As an important flavonoid active ingredient in milk thistle, Milk Thistle Pavilion demonstrates multiple pharmacological activities and good druggability characteristics due to its significant antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and thyroid hormone transport inhibitory effects. Its mechanism involves multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets, offering potential clinical applications. In the future, through in-depth mechanistic research and clinical validation, silymaranth pavilion is expected to become an important candidate molecule in the development of natural product drugs, providing new strategies and approaches for the treatment of related diseases.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
