Product name: Sesamolin
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP1298
Cas No.: 526-07-8
Formula: C₂₀H₁₈O₇
Mol Weight: 370.357
Botanical Source: sesame oil and Justicia orbiculata
Physical Description: White powder
Type of Compound: Lignans

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams, up to kilograms
Inquire for bulk scale.

Descriptions:
Sesaminol possesses antioxidative activity, can inhibit lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney.[1]
Sesamolin has protective effect on hypoxic neuronal and PC12 cells, it might be related to suppression of ROS generation and MAPK activation.[2]
Sesamolin can inhibit proliferation by inducing apoptosis in human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. [3]
Sesamolin has protective effects on murine BV-2 microglia cell line under hypoxia, the mechanism involves inhibition of MAPK pathways and apoptosis through scavenging of ROS in hypoxia-stressed BV-2 cells.[4]
Sesamolin exerts effective neuroprotection against cerbral ischemia.[5]

References:
[1] Kang M H, Naito M, Tsujihara N, et al. J Nut, 1998, 128(6):1018-22.
[2] Hou C W, Huang H M, Tzen J T C, et al. J Neurosci Res, 2003, 74(1):123–33.
[3] Miyahara Y, Hibasami H, Katsuzaki H, et al. Int J Mol Med, 2001, 7(7):369-71.
[4] Hou C W, Wu C C, Yang C H, et al. Neurosci Lett, 2004, 367(1):10-3.
[5] Cheng F C, Jinn T R, Hou R C W, et al. Int J Biomed Sci Ljbs, 2006, 2(3):284-8.
[6] Huang J. Journal of the Chinese Cereals & Oils Association, 2011, 26(01):120-3.

HPLC of Sesamolin

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Sesamolin is a natural lignan compound isolated from sesame seeds. Due to its unique bioactivity and potential medicinal value, it has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years. Semarinic not only exhibits significant antioxidant activity, but also shows an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. With further research into its mechanism of action, semarinnin has been found to regulate multiple cellular signaling pathways, especially by inhibiting phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and caspase-3, thereby blocking the MAPK cascade and thereby reducing cellular damage and inflammatory responses. In addition, semarinnin has good oral bioavailability and blood-brain barrier penetration, demonstrating promising drug potential.

This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of semaline lin, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and explore its prospects and challenges in clinical application, aiming to provide comprehensive reference materials for researchers in related fields.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Semalinin has a chemical structure of lignan compounds, with the molecular formula C20H18O7 and a molecular weight of 370.3570. Its structural features mainly include two benzene rings connected by oxygen bridges, forming a typical diphenylpropane backbone, containing multiple methoxy and hydroxyl substituents, which give it strong antioxidant capacity. The LogP value of semarinic acid is 2.2579, showing moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates its penetration of cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier. Its polar surface area (TPSA) is 64.6100, indicating a certain polarity that helps bind to biomacromolecules.

Semalin's water solubility is relatively low (0.0045 mg/mL), which somewhat limits its solubility in aqueous media, but its good lipid solubility and molecular structure facilitate oral absorption and internal distribution. Toxicological evaluation showed that semalicin did not inhibit hERG channels, suggesting a low risk of cardiotoxicity; The Ames test result was 2.1, indicating a low genotoxicity risk.

In summary, the physicochemical properties of semarindin support its potential for oral drug development, especially its advantages in treating central nervous system diseases.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Sesamum lin is mainly found in sesame seeds and their oils, and is an important component of the sesame lignan group. Sesame, as an ancient oilseed crop, is widely distributed across Asia, Africa, and parts of the Americas. Its seeds are rich in various bioactive components, including sesam, sesaic lin, and sesamol.

Semaline is usually extracted using solvent extraction. Common solvents include ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. The extraction process generally includes the following steps:

1. Sample preparation: Crush sesame seeds to the appropriate particle size to increase surface area.
2. Solvent extraction using suitable organic solvents at a certain temperature, generally taking several hours to several days.
3. Filtration and concentration: After filtering out impurities, the extract is concentrated to a viscous state using a rotary evaporator.
4. Purification separation: Further purification is performed by column chromatography (such as silica gel columns, C18 reversed-phase columns) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain high-purity semaline.

In recent years, supercritical CO2 extraction technology and microwave-assisted extraction technology have also been applied to semaline extraction, offering advantages such as high extraction efficiency and environmental friendliness, gradually becoming a research hotspot.

Pharmacological activity research

The pharmacological activity of semarindin mainly focuses on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Related research covers in vitro cell models, animal experiments, and some in vivo mechanism explorations.

Antioxidant activity

As a natural antioxidant, semarinic can effectively eliminate free radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and protect cells from oxidative stress damage. Multiple in vitro experiments have shown that semarindin can enhance the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and promote the expression of hemoglobin oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), thereby overall improving cellular antioxidant defense.

Neuroprotective effects

Oxidative stress is an important pathological mechanism in various neurodegenerative diseases. Semalicin reduces nerve cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses, demonstrating excellent neuroprotective effects. Animal model studies have shown that semarindin can significantly improve neurological dysfunction, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and slow down the progression of neurodegeneration.

Anti-inflammatory effects

Semarinic inhibits inflammatory signaling pathways, reduces the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses. Its anti-inflammatory effect is closely related to its regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Other pharmacological effects

Some studies have also found that semarindin has potential for anti-tumor, anti-fatty liver, and lipid metabolism regulation, but the related mechanisms still need further clarification.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The biological activity of semaline is closely related to its regulation of multiple cellular signaling pathways, especially the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, which have been systematically elucidated.

Antioxidant mechanism

Semaline activates the nuclear factor red-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) signaling pathway, promotes the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, and enhances cellular antioxidant capacity. NRF2, as the main intracellular antioxidant transcription factor, activates key antioxidant enzymes such as SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, and HMOX1, effectively scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing oxidative damage.

Suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway

Semalin can inhibit phosphorylation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPKs), blocking the MAPK cascade. This mechanism plays a key role in alleviating apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. By inhibiting caspase-3 activation, semarindin further blocks apoptosis signaling and protects nerve cell survival.

Other signaling pathways

Besides MAPK and NRF2, semarinnin may also be involved in regulating signaling pathways such as NF-κB and PI3K/Akt, participating in cell survival, inflammation, and metabolic processes. However, related research is still insufficient and requires further in-depth exploration.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

The druggability evaluation of semarines shows that it has good potential for drug development.

Pharmacokinetic characteristics

Semarindol has good oral activity and can be effectively absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Its moderate lipophilic properties (LogP 2.2579) and polar surface area (TPSA 64.6100) facilitate penetration of biofilms, especially the blood-brain barrier, supporting its application in central nervous system diseases. Animal experiments show that semarindin is widely distributed in the body, especially at high concentrations in brain tissue, suggesting it has a pharmacogenetic basis for neuroprotection.

Toxicological evaluation

Semarinnin does not inhibit hERG channels, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was 2.1, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and good safety. In addition, long-term toxicological studies are further needed to comprehensively assess its safety.

Drug interactions and metabolism

Currently, research on the drug-metabolizing enzyme effects and drug interactions of semarinnin is limited. Future research should focus on its effects on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and potential drug interaction risks.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Semarinic lin, as a natural compound with significant antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, has broad clinical application prospects. Its potential efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other oxidative stress-related conditions has been validated in multiple preclinical studies.

Sesamarin's good oral activity and blood-brain barrier penetration make it an ideal candidate for central nervous system drug development. Moreover, its low toxicity and good safety provide a foundation for clinical translation.

Future research should focus on the following aspects:

1. Preclinical efficacy and safety evaluation: Systematic validation of pharmacodynamic efficacy and long-term toxicological studies for various disease models.
2. Pharmacokinetics and dosage form optimization: Optimize administration routes and dosage forms to enhance bioavailability and targeting.
3. In-depth analysis of the mechanism of action: Multi-omics techniques are used to thoroughly reveal its molecular targets and signaling pathway regulatory networks.
4. Clinical trial design: Conduct early-stage clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety in related diseases.

In summary, as a natural compound with multiple biological activities, semarindin has the potential to become a novel neuroprotective and antioxidant drug worthy of further research and development.

Conclusion

Semanolin, as an important lignan compound in sesame seeds, has become a research hotspot in the field of natural product pharmacology due to its remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. By activating the NRF2 signaling pathway, inhibiting the MAPK cascade and apoptosis pathway, it exerts multiple protective effects, demonstrating good druggability and clinical application potential.

In the future, with continuous in-depth research into the pharmacological mechanisms of semarindin and systematic studies of its pharmacokinetic characteristics, breakthroughs are expected in its application in neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress-related conditions. Combined with modern drug development technologies, semaline is expected to become an important representative of natural product drug development, providing new therapeutic strategies and drug candidate molecules for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.