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Product name: Sennoside C
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP1294
Cas No.: 37271-16-2
Formula: C42H40O19
Mol Weight: 848.763
Botanical Source: Sennae Folium
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Anthraquinones
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Description:
Sennoside C , aloe-emodin anthrone and rhein anthrone which formed mainly by intraluminal bacterial action, synergistically exert their purgative effects on mice.
References:
Comput Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 12;35(5):293-7.
Drug-target network and polypharmacology studies of a Traditional Chinese Medicine for type II diabetes mellitus.
Many Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) are effective to relieve complicated diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this work, molecular docking and network analysis were employed to elucidate the action mechanism of a medical composition which had clinical efficacy for T2DM. We found that multiple active compounds contained in this medical composition would target multiple proteins related to T2DM and the biological network would be shifted. We predicted the key players in the medical composition and some of them have been reported in literature. Meanwhile, several compounds such as Rheidin A, Rheidin C, Sennoside C, procyanidin C1 and Dihydrobaicalin were notable although no one have reported their pharmacological activity against T2DM.
CONCLUSIONS:
The association between active compounds, target proteins and other diseases was also discussed.
J Pharm Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;44(12):973-6.
Metabolic activation of sennoside C in mice: synergistic action of anthrones.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Sennosides A and C directly injected into the caecum of mice showed equal purgative activity. Intracaecal administration reduced time to onset of diarrhoea induced by Sennoside C from about 3 h after oral administration to about 24 min. At 2.3 h after oral administration of Sennoside C, nearly equimolar amounts of aloe-emodin anthrone and rhein anthrone were detected in the large intestine of mice. The purgative effect of oral Sennoside C could be reduced by pretreating mice with chloramphenicol. This was observed as a decreased formation of total anthrones in the large intestine. Both anthrones and an equimolar mixture of both anthrones directly injected into the caecum exerted a purgative effect, although the activity was lower for aloe-emodin anthrone. The intracaecal ED50 values were 54.5 (24.1-89.6), 11.4 (5.0-15.7) and 11.2 (6.1-14.6) mumol kg-1 for aloe-emodin anthrone, rhein anthrone and an equimolar mixture of both anthrones, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
We concluded that aloe-emodin anthrone and rhein anthrone, formed mainly by intraluminal bacterial action, are the true active metabolites of Sennoside C in mice and that both anthrones synergistically exert their purgative effects on mice.
HPLC of Sennoside C
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
330.8900
.6398
-2.0792
.7574
.5227
.2023
Low
88.3853
5.4867
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Sennoside C (CAS No.: 37271-16-2) is an important active ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Sennae Folium, belonging to the anthraquinone dimer glycoside class. As one of the main laxative active ingredients in senna leaves, senna glycoside C is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat constipation and related intestinal dysfunction diseases. In recent years, with in-depth research into the pharmacological mechanisms of natural products, senna glycoside C has not only demonstrated significant activity in its laxative effect but has also been found to have the potential to inhibit amyloid fibrosis, demonstrating its research value in the field of anti-amyloid-related diseases.
This review aims to systematically summarize the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of senna glycoside C, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Combined with its clinical application potential, it provides a comprehensive evaluation of the research progress and future directions of this natural product, providing reference and inspiration for researchers in related fields.
Senna glycoside C is an anthraquinone dimer glycoside compound, with a molecular formula of C42H38O20 and a molecular weight of 848.7630. Its structure is formed by connecting two anthraquinone units via glycosidic bonds, exhibiting typical glycoside characteristics. The molecule contains multiple hydroxyl and ether bonds, giving it excellent hydrophilicity.
In terms of physicochemical properties, senna glycoside C has a LogP value of 0.6398, indicating low hydrophobicity and good water solubility (water solubility index about 0.7574), which is beneficial for oral absorption and bioavailability. Its topological polar surface area (TPSA) is 330.89 Ų, and a higher TPSA value usually indicates stronger molecular polarity, which may affect its ability to penetrate cell membranes. Low blood-brain barrier permeability suggests limited distribution of senna glycoside C in the central nervous system. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames mutagenicity test result was 0.0, indicating no obvious genotoxicity.
The chemical structure characteristics determine the metabolic stability and binding properties of senna glycoside C in the body and its binding to targets, forming the basis for its pharmacological effects.
Senna glycoside C is mainly found in senna leaves (Sennae folium), which are dried leaves of the leguminous plant Senna (Senna alexandrina mill.) or Senna angustifolia. This plant is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and is an important source of traditional laxatives.
Common methods for extracting senna glycoside C include:
Water extraction method: Using hot water to extract senna leaves to extract water-soluble glycosides, suitable for industrial-scale preparation, but the extract is complex and requires further separation and purification.
Alcohol extraction method: Using methanol or ethanol as solvent, extraction efficiency is relatively high and can better maintain the stability of glycoside structures.
Column chromatography separation: Extracts are separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and other technologies to obtain high-purity senna glycoside C.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction: In recent years, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction technologies have been applied to the extraction of senna glycoside C, improving extraction efficiency, shortening time, and reducing solvent usage.
Optimizing the extraction process is crucial for ensuring the yield and purity of senna glycoside C, while also affecting subsequent pharmacological research and clinical applications.
Senna glycoside C, as one of the main active components in senna leaves, has significant laxative activity. Its laxative effect mainly manifests as promoting intestinal peristalsis, increasing intestinal juice secretion, and regulating intestinal water absorption, thereby relieving constipation symptoms.
In vivo and in vitro experiments show that senna glycoside C can regulate ion channels and aquaporins in intestinal epithelial cells, promote water accumulation in the intestinal lumen, soften stool, and enhance bowel movements. In addition, senna glycoside C can stimulate the intestinal nervous system, enhance intestinal muscle contraction, and promote the advancement of intestinal contents.
Amyloid deposition forms the pathological basis of various neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease) and systemic amyloidosis. Senna glycoside C was found to bind to human lysozyme and inhibit its amyloid fibrosis process, with an IC50 of 186.20 μM.
This action suggests that senna glycoside C may have potential therapeutic value against amyloid-related diseases by blocking abnormal aggregation of amyloid protein, delaying or preventing pathological progression.
In addition to laxative and anti-amyloid fibrosis effects, some studies have reported senna glycoside C as an auxiliary pharmacological activity such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but related research is still in its early stages and requires further systematic validation.
The mechanism of action of senna glycoside C is complex, mainly involving the following aspects:
CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conduction Regulator)
CFTR is a chloride ion channel in intestinal epithelial cells that regulates the secretion of ions and water within the intestinal lumen. Senna glycoside C activates or regulates CFTR channel function, promotes chloride ion and water secretion, increases intestinal fluid volume, and aids bowel movements.
SLC9A3 (Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger Type 3)
SLC9A3 participates in the exchange of sodium and hydrogen ions, regulating the acid-base balance and ionic homeostasis of the intestinal environment. Senna glycoside C may regulate intestinal water and salt metabolism by affecting SLC9A3 activity, promoting intestinal fluid secretion.
Aqueporin (AQP3, AQP4, AQP8)
Aqueporins regulate water transport within intestinal epithelial cells, affecting the water content in the intestinal lumen. Senna glycoside C may promote water transport to the intestinal lumen by regulating the expression or activity of these aquaporins, thereby exerting its laxative effect.
Senna glycoside C binds to human lysozyme, blocking its abnormal folding and aggregation processes, thereby inhibiting the formation of amyloid protein fibers. This binding may involve intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, stabilizing lysozyme conformations and reducing fibrotic toxicity.
Additionally, senna glycoside C may alleviate cellular stress and inflammatory responses caused by amyloid protein through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, helping to protect tissue function.
Senna glycoside C has a relatively large molecular weight (848.7630), exceeding the ideal range for traditional oral small molecule drugs (generally less than 500), which may limit its cell membrane penetration and oral bioavailability. Its higher TPSA (330.89 Ų) also suggests strong molecular polarity, further affecting membrane permeability.
However, the LogP value of senna glycoside C is 0.6398, indicating it has certain lipophilicity and facilitates interaction with lipid membranes. Moderate water solubility (0.7574), which helps dissolve and absorb the drug.
The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects. hERG channels have no inhibitory effect, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. Ames test was negative, showing no significant mutagenicity, indicating good safety.
Currently, there is limited systematic pharmacokinetic research on senna glycoside C. Studies have shown that after oral administration of senna glycoside C, it is mainly hydrolyzed by microbial enzymes in the intestines into active metabolites, exerting its laxative effect. Its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes in the body still require further research.
Due to its large molecular weight and strong polarity, the oral bioavailability of senna glycoside C may be low and it is difficult to cross the blood-brain barrier. The gut microbiota may play an important role in its metabolism, suggesting that its efficacy is closely related to the gut microecology.
Senna glycoside C, as the main active ingredient in senna leaves, has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat constipation due to its excellent laxative effects. With deeper understanding of its molecular mechanisms, the application prospects of senna glycoside C in modern medicine are gradually expanding.
Senna glycoside C regulates intestinal ion channels and aquaporins, promotes intestinal peristalsis and intestinal fluid secretion, and is suitable for treating intestinal dysfunction such as chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. Its natural source and low toxicity make it a safe and effective laxative choice.
The effect of senna glycoside C in inhibiting amyloid fibrosis offers new ideas for its potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In the future, through structural optimization and drug carrier technology, it is expected to become a candidate drug for anti-amyloid protein deposition.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolic mechanism research
In-depth exploration of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion patterns of senna glycoside C in vivo, clarifying its active metabolites and targets.
Structural optimization and drug design
Based on the structural characteristics of senna glycoside C, molecular modifications are performed to enhance its oral bioavailability and targeting, enabling the development of novel, efficient, and safe drugs.
Clinical trials and safety evaluation
Conduct systematic clinical studies to assess efficacy, safety, and long-term risks, and promote clinical application.
Research on the mechanisms of multi-target action
By combining modern molecular biology and systemic pharmacology techniques, the comprehensive pharmacological effects of senna glycoside C are revealed through multiple targets and multiple pathways.
Senna glycoside C, as the main active ingredient in senna leaves, has significant laxative effects and the potential to inhibit amyloid fibrosis, demonstrating broad pharmacological activity and good safety. Its unique chemical structure and multi-target mechanism of action provide an important foundation for the development of novel laxatives and drugs against amyloid-related diseases.
Although preliminary progress has been made in current research on senna glycoside C, its pharmacokinetic characteristics, detailed mechanisms of action, and clinical applications still require further exploration. In the future, through multidisciplinary collaboration combined with modern drug development technologies, it is expected to promote the clinical translation of senna glycoside C and its derivatives, providing new strategies and options for the treatment of constipation and amyloid-related diseases.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
