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Product name: Atractyloside A
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0218
Cas No.: 126054-77-1
Formula: C21H36O10
Mol Weight: 448.509
Botanical Source: Atractylodes Lancea (Thunb.) DC.
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Sesquiterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide.
The main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards of TCM, from mgs to kgs scale
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR(contract research), CM(contract manufacture) and PD(process development) services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E. TCM compounds library for drug screen,more than 3000 compounds available, many of them are rare and unique.
HPLC of Atractyloside A
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
180.2500
-1.4900
Natural products, as important resources for drug development, have long played an irreplaceable role in new drug discovery and disease treatment due to their structural diversity and broad biological activity. Atractylloside A (Atractyloside A, CAS No. 126054-77-1), as an active ingredient derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Atractylodes (Atractylodes spp.), has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its remarkable multiple pharmacological activities, including lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, and anti-tumor properties. With the continuous rise in metabolic diseases and tumor incidence, research into natural medicines targeting these conditions is becoming increasingly important. With its unique molecular structure and multi-target mechanism, Atractylodes glycoside A offers new ideas and potential drug candidates for the treatment of related diseases.
This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Cangzhu glycoside A, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action. Combining its medicinability parameters and pharmacokinetic characteristics, it aims to explore its clinical application prospects and future research directions in depth, providing reference and guidance for researchers in the field of natural product pharmacology.
The molecular formula of Atractylodes A is C_20H_24O_12, with a molecular weight of 448.5100. Its structural characteristics include the bonding of multiple hydroxyl groups and glycosyl groups, giving it high polarity. The LogP value was -1.4900, indicating strong hydrophilicity and good water solubility. The topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 180.2500, and the number of hydrogen bond receptors is 10. These physicochemical properties suggest that Atractyloside A may have certain limitations in cell membrane permeability, but its high polarity facilitates stable hydrogen bond interactions with various biological targets.
Structurally, Atractylodes A belong to the glycoside class of natural products and have a typical steroid glycoside backbone. Its polyhydroxyl structure provides abundant hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, enhancing its ability to bind enzyme proteins and receptors. This structural feature also gives it certain advantages in metabolic stability and water solubility in vivo, but it also poses challenges to its oral bioavailability.
Atractylodes glycoside A is mainly found in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Atractylodes lancea (Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes macrocephala, etc.), especially in the rhizome part of Atractylodes. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Atractylodes has long been used to strengthen the spleen, dispel dampness, promote urination, and reduce swelling. Systematic research on its active ingredients has provided an important foundation for modern pharmacology.
Common methods for extracting Atractylodes glycoside A include solvent extraction and chromatographic separation. Generally, ethanol or methanol is used as extraction solvents, and crude extracts are obtained by reflux extraction or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Subsequently, silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used for separation and purification. In recent years, the application of supercritical fluid extraction and membrane separation technologies has improved extraction efficiency and purity.
During extraction, temperature and pH must be controlled to prevent hydrolysis and degradation of Atractyloside A. Purified atractyloside A is typically used for structural identification and purity confirmation using mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared spectroscopy (IR).
Due to its multi-target and multi-pathway bioactivity, Cangzhenoside A has demonstrated significant pharmacological effects across various disease models.
Atractylodes glycoside A shows good hypoglycemic effects in hyperglycemic models. Its mechanism of action involves regulating insulin sensitivity, promoting glucose metabolism, and inhibiting glucose absorption. Research shows that Atractylodes A can activate the AMPK signaling pathway, enhance cellular uptake and utilization of glucose, while inhibiting SGLT2 (sodium-glucose co-transporter 2) function, reducing renal glucose reabsorption and thus lowering blood sugar levels. Additionally, Atractylodes glycoside A promotes liver glucose metabolism by modulating glucose kinase (GCK) activity, improving glucose metabolism disorders.
Atractylodes glycoside A has the potential to regulate blood pressure, mainly by improving vascular endothelial function and inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects help reduce vascular damage and reduce vascular resistance, thereby exerting antihypertensive effects. Relevant in vivo and in vitro experiments show that Atractylodes glycoside A can regulate the contraction status of vascular smooth muscle cells and promote vasodilation.
Atractyloside A exhibits activity in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in various tumor cell lines. Its antitumor mechanism involves multiple signaling pathways, including inhibiting EHMT2 (a histone methyltransferase) to regulate the epigenetic status of tumor cells, modulating PTPN1 (a protein tyrosine phosphatase)-mediated apoptosis signaling, and affecting APP and BACE1-related cellular metabolism and apoptosis pathways. Additionally, Atractylodes glycoside A regulates PAI1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) expression, affecting tumor cell invasion and metastasis capabilities.
Atractylodes glycoside A also exhibits multiple biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, providing a theoretical basis for its potential applications in metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases.
The pharmacological action of Atractylodes A depends on its interactions with multiple key targets, mainly including:
Through the synergistic effects of these multiple targets, Atractylodes glycoside A has achieved its complex pharmacological effects, demonstrating multidimensional disease regulatory capabilities.
The druggability evaluation of Atractylodes glycoside A shows that it poses certain challenges. The molecular weight is 448.51. Although it does not exceed the conventional upper limit of Lipinski's rule (500), its high polarity (TPSA 180.25) and negative LogP value (-1.49) indicate strong hydrophilicity, which may limit its passive diffusion through cell membranes and affect oral absorption.
The number of hydrogen bond receptors can reach up to 10, enhancing its ability to bind to targets, but may also result in poor membrane permeability and lower bioavailability. Such properties suggest that Cangzhao glycoside A needs to be improved pharmacokinetic in drug design through structural modification or carrier systems.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, current research is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo experiments show that atractyloside A has a moderate half-life in plasma, mainly metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Its highly polarized structure makes it active in renal excretion, but it may also lead to rapid clearance, affecting exposure levels in the body.
To enhance the clinical application potential of Atractylodes glycoside A, future research is needed on its metabolic pathways, oral absorption mechanisms, and tissue distribution, combined with strategies such as nanocarriers or prodrug design to optimize its pharmacokinetic properties.
Atractylodec glycoside A, due to its multi-target and multi-effect characteristics, shows broad application prospects in the treatment of hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and tumors. Especially in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, Cangzhu glycoside A offers new therapeutic approaches by modulating key targets such as AMPK and SGLT2.
Moreover, its antitumor activity provides a potential natural drug resource for adjuvant therapy. In the future, by combining modern medicinal chemistry and molecular biology technologies, Cangzhu glycoside A is expected to achieve the transition from laboratory research to clinical application through structural optimization and dosage form innovation.
However, clinical research on Atractylodenoside A is still in its early stages and lacks systematic clinical trial data. Future research should focus on safety evaluation, dosage optimization, and drug interactions to advance clinical development.
Atractylodes A, as a natural product with rich pharmacological activity, has become a hot topic in pharmacological research due to its multi-target mechanism of action and potential for multiple disease regulation. Its remarkable activity in lowering blood sugar, blood pressure, and antitumor conditions provides a new molecular basis and drug development direction for related diseases.
Although its druggability remains challenging, Cangzhu glycoside A has significant clinical translation potential through modern drug design and formulation improvements. In the future, combined with systematic pharmacokinetic research and clinical validation, the application of Cangzhenoside A in modern medicine will be further promoted, achieving rational development and utilization of natural product resources.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
