Product name: Specnuezhenide
Synonym name: (8E)-Nuezhenide；449733-84-0
Catalogue No.: BP1334
Cas No.: 39011-92-2
Formula: C₃₁H₄₂O₁₇
Mol Weight: 686.66
Botanical Source: Ligustrum lucidum Ait.
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Terpenoids

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.




Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide.
The main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards of TCM, from mgs to kgs scale
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR(contract research), CM(contract manufacture) and PD(process development) services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E. TCM compounds library for drug screen,more than 3000 compounds available, many of them are rare and unique.

HPLC of Specnuezhenide

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Specnuezhenide (CAS No.: 39011-92-2) is an active natural compound isolated from the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and is a complex type of phenolic glycoside. As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Nu Zhen Zi has long been used to nourish the liver and kidneys, improve eyesight, and have anti-aging effects. In recent years, its main active ingredient, special nu luzhu glycoside, has attracted attention for its significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cellular signaling pathway regulation. Numerous studies have shown that tranuezhenin shows good therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), especially by inhibiting NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, thereby alleviating IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammatory responses. In addition, the role of lutenuezhenine in antioxidant damage is gradually being revealed, enhancing cellular antioxidant defense by regulating key antioxidant targets such as NFE2L2/NRF2. This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of specnuzhroside, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and clinical application prospects, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research direction for its subsequent drug development and clinical application.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

The chemical name of extranuezhenide is (8E)-Nuezhenide, with the molecular formula C34H42O21 and a molecular weight of 686.6600. Its structure is a complex phenolic glycoside, containing multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and glycosidic bonds, and possesses high polarity. Its molecular structure contains multiple aromatic rings and glycosyls, endowing it with abundant hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, promoting its binding to biological macromolecules. In terms of physicochemical properties, the LogP value of ternuezhenide is -0.7217, indicating strong hydrophilicity and good water solubility (value 8.6555), which is beneficial for absorption and distribution in the body. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 260.5900, and a higher TPSA suggests limited ability to pass through cell membranes and low blood-brain barrier permeability, suggesting its main target or distribution area is in peripheral tissues. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames mutagenic test result was 0.0, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and good safety.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Ligustrum lucidum mainly comes from the mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait., a plant of the Oleaceae family and genus Ligustrum, widely distributed in southern China and East Asia. In traditional Chinese medicine, Ligustrum lucidum fruit is used to nourish the liver and kidneys, benefit essence, and improve eyesight. Modern pharmacological research has confirmed it contains various active ingredients, including flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, and triterpene saponins.

The extraction of specnuzhro glycoside is usually done using ethanol or methanol aqueous solutions as extractants, and crude extracts are obtained by reflux extraction or ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. Subsequently, separation and purification were performed using liquid-liquid partitioning, column chromatography (including silica gel columns and reversed-phase C18 columns). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are widely used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of specnulighenaside. In recent years, the application of supercritical fluid extraction and membrane separation technologies has improved the extraction efficiency and purity of specnuzhroside, laying the foundation for its large-scale production.

Pharmacological activity research

Anti-inflammatory effects

Tenuezhenazide demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity across various inflammation models. Especially in the osteoarthritis (OA) model, ternuezhenin reduces articular cartilage destruction and inflammatory infiltration by inhibiting IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation. In vivo studies have shown that extranuezhenine can significantly reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in the joint fluid of OA rats, alleviating pathological damage to cartilage tissue. Its anti-inflammatory effect is closely related to its activation of the nuclear factor NF-κB signaling pathway, which serves as a core transcription factor in inflammatory responses and regulates the expression of various inflammatory mediators.

Antioxidant effects

Extranuzeshen has excellent antioxidant properties, can scavenge free radicals, and reduce cell damage caused by oxidative stress. By activating the NFE2L2 (also known as NRF2) signaling pathway, it induces the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), thereby enhancing the cell's antioxidant defense system. Both in vitro cell models and in vivo animal experiments have confirmed that lutenozaside can effectively alleviate tissue damage related to oxidative stress, suggesting its potential application value in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Other pharmacological effects

In addition to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, some studies have reported that extranu liguzhen glycoside can regulate immune function, have anti-tumor effects, and provide neuroprotective effects, but related research is still in its early stages and the mechanism needs further clarification.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The pharmacological mechanism of ternuezhenide mainly involves the regulation of multiple cellular signaling pathways:

1. NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition
   NF-κB is a key regulatory factor of inflammatory responses; pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β can activate NF-κB and promote the expression of inflammatory mediators. Extranulighenazide achieves anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, blocking nuclear translocation of NF-κB, reducing transcription of inflammatory genes, and achieving anti-inflammatory effects.

2. Regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
   The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and inflammatory responses. Extranuezhenin can inhibit abnormal activation of this pathway, reduce the inflammatory state of chondrocytes, and protect the integrity of cartilage tissue structure.

3. NFE2L2/NRF2 antioxidant signaling is activated
   By promoting the translocation of NRF2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, speculozhenide enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, improving cells' resistance to oxidative stress and reducing oxidative damage.

4. Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity
   Extranuzhuzhen glycoside can directly or indirectly activate antioxidant enzymes such as SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, and HMOX1, scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining cellular redox balance.

In summary, specnuezhenazide exerts its combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological effects through multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic effects, showing good therapeutic potential.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

Ternuezhenin has a relatively large molecular weight (686.66 Da), with a LogP of -0.72, indicating strong hydrophilicity. The TPSA reaches as high as 260.59, indicating poor membrane permeability, especially low blood-brain barrier permeability, which limits the role of the central nervous system. It has good water solubility, which is beneficial for oral absorption, but its high polarity may affect its bioavailability.

In terms of safety, Tenuezhenin does not inhibit hERG channels, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity; Ames test negative, low genotoxicity risk, indicating a solid safety foundation.

Currently, pharmacokinetic research on ternuezhenide is relatively limited. Preliminary data indicate that oral absorption is slow, its distribution in vivo is mainly limited to peripheral tissues, and metabolic pathways may involve hepatic enzyme systems, but the specific metabolites and excretion mechanisms still require further study. In the future, combined research on in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is needed to optimize dosing regimens and improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Based on the significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ternuezhenazide, it shows broad application prospects in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis. Especially for cartilage degenerative diseases such as OA, tenuezhenazide can reduce chondrocyte inflammation, protect cartilage tissue, and slow disease progression. Moreover, its antioxidant effects offer potential for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress.

Future clinical translational research should focus on the following aspects:

1. Dosage form development and drug delivery route optimization
   Due to their molecular structural characteristics, developing suitable dosage forms (such as nanoformulations, liposomes, etc.) to improve bioavailability and targeting is key to achieving clinical application.

2. Systematic pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation
   Comprehensive pharmacokinetic data and long-term toxicological studies provide scientific evidence for clinical trials.

3. Multicenter, large-sample clinical trials
   Validate its efficacy and safety in osteoarthritis and other inflammation-related diseases, and clarify indications and medication regimens.

4. Exploring combination medication strategies
   Use in combination with existing anti-inflammatory drugs or antioxidants to explore synergistic effects and enhance therapeutic outcomes.

5. In-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms
   By integrating modern molecular biology techniques, it further reveals its targets and signaling pathways, promoting the development of precision therapy.

Conclusion

As an important active ingredient in Nu Zhen Zi, specnuluzenoside demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological effects. By regulating key pathways such as NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and NFE2L2/NRF2, it alleviates inflammatory responses and oxidative damage, providing new approaches for treating chronic diseases like osteoarthritis. Although there are still certain challenges in pharmacokinetics and clinical applications, with advances in extraction and purification technologies and optimization of drug delivery systems, specnuezhenide is expected to become an important candidate for natural product drug development. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen mechanistic research and clinical translation, promote its application in modern medicine, and bring new treatment options to patients with related diseases.