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Product name: Royal jelly acid
Synonym name: 10-HDA; 10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid
Catalogue No.: BP1476
Cas No.: 14113-05-4
Formula: C10H18O3
Mol Weight: 186.251
Botanical Source: Royal jelly
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Aliphatics
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide.
The main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards of TCM, from mgs to kgs scale
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR(contract research), CM(contract manufacture) and PD(process development) services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E. TCM compounds library for drug screen,more than 3000 compounds available, many of them are rare and unique.
HPLC of Royal jelly acid
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
57.5300
2.1264
-.3332
1.9248
1.6955
2.3676
Low
85.7329
2.1371
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
0.0
No
No
Yes
Yes
Royal jelly acid, chemically named (E)-Queen Bee Acid, CAS No. 14113-05-4, is a major fatty acid component in royal jelly. Royal jelly, as a natural substance secreted by bees, has long attracted widespread attention due to its rich nutritional content and diverse biological activities. As a key active substance in royal jelly, royal jelly acid exhibits multiple biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, and neuromodulatory pharmacological activities, making it an important research subject in natural product pharmacology and new drug development.
In recent years, with advances in molecular biology and pharmacological techniques, the mechanism of royal jelly acid and its interactions with various disease-related targets have gradually been revealed, especially showing significant potential in antibacterial, antitumor, and neuroprotective areas. In addition, the druggability parameters of royal jelic acid indicate that it possesses good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety, laying a foundation for its clinical application. This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure, origin, extraction methods, pharmacological activity, and molecular mechanisms of oarella acid, combining druggability evaluation and clinical application prospects to provide theoretical support and reference for subsequent research and development.
The molecular formula of royal jelic acid is C12H22O3, with a molecular weight of 186.2510. Its structural feature is a fatty acid chain containing unsaturated bonds, specifically an (E)-structured enic acid derivative. The molecule contains a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group, giving it certain polarity and biological activity. In terms of physicochemical properties, royal jelic acid has a LogP value of 2.1264, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration and bioavailability. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 57.5300, reflecting molecular polarity and hydrogen bonding capacity, making it suitable for effective interaction with biological targets.
Water solubility is 1.9248, indicating a certain solubility in water, making it easy to take orally and absorb in the body. The blood-brain barrier has relatively low permeability, suggesting that its direct effect in the central nervous system may be limited, but it can still exert neuroprotective effects through neural regulatory pathways. The hERG channel inhibition test results were negative, indicating that royal jelly acid carries a low risk of prolonged cardiac QT intervals and is relatively safe. The Ames mutagenicity test result was 0.0, indicating no mutagenicity and good genetic safety.
Royal jelly acid is mainly found in royal jelly, which is a milky white gelatinous substance secreted by the pharyngeal and hypopharyngeal glands of worker bees, serving as the primary source of nutrition for the queen and larvae. Royal jelly is rich in fatty acids, with royal jelly acid, one of its main active fatty acids, accounting for more than 10% of total royal jelly fatty acids.
Traditional extraction methods mostly use organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography separation. The typical steps include: first, freeze-drying the royal jelly, then crushing it and extracting it with ethanol or methanol; Impurities are then removed by liquid-liquid separation, purified using silica gel column chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultimately obtaining high-purity royal jesic acid. In recent years, supercritical CO2 extraction technology has been introduced for royal jera acid extraction due to its environmental friendliness and high efficiency, significantly improving yield and purity while avoiding organic solvent residues.
In addition, modern separation technologies such as countercurrent chromatography, membrane separation techniques, and molecular blotting are gradually being applied to the extraction and purification of royal jelly acid, providing technical support for its industrial production.
Royal jelic acid exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that royal plasma acid can inhibit the production of various inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO). It regulates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and alleviates inflammatory responses. In animal models, royal plasma acid can effectively alleviate pathological manifestations of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and enteritis, demonstrating potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic value.
Royal plasma acid exhibits effects in various cancer cell lines by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing tumor metastasis. Its mechanisms involve regulating cytocyclins, activating mitochondrial pathways to induce apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and suppressing tumor-related signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK. In vivo experiments have shown that royal plasma acid can slow tumor growth and enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs, suggesting its potential as an adjunct anticancer agent.
Royal jelly acid exhibits inhibitory effects on malaria parasites and other protozoan pathogens. Its targets include key enzymes of malaria parasites, such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and fatty acid synthase (FABI). By inhibiting the activity of these enzymes, royal jelic acid blocks the metabolism and reproduction processes of pathogens. Related studies have shown that royal plasma acid can serve as a candidate molecule for the development of new antimalarial drugs, exhibiting low toxicity and good efficacy.
Although royal jelly acid has relatively low permeability to the blood-brain barrier, its regulatory role in the nervous system should not be overlooked. Research has found that royal plasma acid can protect nerve cells from damage by regulating neurotransmitter release, inhibiting oxidative stress, and inhibiting neuroinflammation. It demonstrates neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, showing potential as an adjunctive therapy for neurological disorders.
Royal jelly acid exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against various bacteria and fungi. Its targets include key enzymes such as bacterial DNA gyrase (GYRA), fatty acid synthase (FABI), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), as well as fungal enzymes like ERG11 and CYP51A1. By inhibiting these targets, royal jelly acid interferes with pathogen DNA replication, fatty acid synthesis, and cell membrane synthesis, leading to pathogen death. Its antibacterial spectrum includes Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and multidrug-resistant strains, demonstrating promising applications as novel antimicrobial agents.
The multiple pharmacological activities of royal jelic acid are attributed to its interactions with various molecular targets. The antimicrobial mechanism is mainly achieved by inhibiting key enzyme activities of bacteria and fungi:
The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer action involve regulation of signaling pathways:
Neuroprotective effects are achieved through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and neurotransmitter regulation. The specific targets are still under research but involve oxidative stress-related enzymes and neuroinflammatory mediators.
The druggability parameters of royal jelic acid indicate that it has good potential for drug development. Moderate molecular weight (186.2510) and LogP value (2.1264) comply with Lipinski's rules, indicating good oral bioavailability. The TPSA value (57.5300) indicates moderate molecular polarity, which is favorable for cell membrane penetration.
Moderate water solubility (1.9248), supporting the development of oral formulations. The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests its limited direct role in the central nervous system, but it may act through peripheral nervous system or indirect mechanisms. hERG inhibitor negative and Ames test negative, indicating good cardiac and genetic safety.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that royal jelly acid is rapidly absorbed orally, has a moderate plasma half-life, is widely distributed in the body, and is mainly metabolized by the liver, with excretion routes including urine and bile. No significant toxicity or side effects, suitable for long-term use.
Due to its multiple bioactive properties and good safety, royal jelic acid has broad clinical application potential. In the field of anti-inflammatory treatment, it can be used as an adjunct treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. In tumor treatment, royal plasma acid not only directly inhibits tumor growth but also enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and reduces drug resistance.
Its antimalarial and antiparasite activities make it an emerging candidate for tropical disease prevention and treatment. Antimicrobial activity is especially effective against multidrug-resistant strains, meeting the urgent needs of the current antibiotic resistance crisis. Neuroprotective effects offer new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Future research should focus on pharmacodynamic optimization, formulation development, and clinical trial validation of royal jelly acid. By combining modern drug design with nanocarrier technology, its bioavailability and targeting are expected to be enhanced. Multicenter, large-sample clinical studies will further clarify its efficacy and safety, driving its transformation into innovative clinical drugs.
Royal jelly acid, as an important fatty acid component in royal jelly, has become a hot topic in natural product pharmacology research due to its rich pharmacological activity and good druggability. It demonstrates broad application potential in multiple fields including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-infective, and neuromodulation. With deeper analysis of molecular mechanisms and advances in drug development technology, royal jelic acid is expected to become a new natural drug for treating various diseases. Future research needs to strengthen its clinical translation and application development, promote its widespread use in modern medicine, and contribute new natural drug resources to human health.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
