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Product name: Palmatrubine
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP1619
Cas No.: 16176-68-4
Formula: C20H20NO4+
Mol Weight: 338.382
Botanical Source: Alkaloid from Fibraurea chloroleuca and Stephania glabra tubers (Menispermaceae)
Physical Description: Powder
Type of Compound: Alkaloids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams. Inquire for bulk scale.
We provide solution to improve the water-solubility of compounds, thereby facilitating the variety of activity tests and clinic uses.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Description:
Palmatrubine binds to double-stranded DNA most probably via an intercalating mode.
References:
Chem Biodivers. 2007 Feb;4(2):145-53.
DNA-binding affinities and sequence specificities of protoberberine alkaloids and their demethylated derivatives: a comparative study.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Berberrubine (1a), jatrorubine (2a), and Palmatrubine (3a) have been chemically prepared by partial demethylation of berberine (1), jatrorrhizine (2), and palmatine (3), respectively. Their interactions with calf thymus (CT) DNA, poly(dA-dT)poly(dA-dT), poly(dG-dC)poly(dG-dC), and eight AT-rich 12-mer double-stranded DNAs have been investigated by means of competitive ethidium bromide (EB) displacement experiments. The results showed that DNA-binding affinities of these protoberberine alkaloids have been significantly improved by partial demethylation, and that all of these alkaloids have the preferable binding affinities with AT-rich DNA. Especially, the sequence specificities of DNA-binding of demethylated derivatives 1a, 2a, and Palmatrubine had changed to a certain extent when compared with the parent alkaloids 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The binding mode of these alkaloids was further confirmed by UV spectroscopic titration experiments.
CONCLUSIONS:
All the compounds bind to double-stranded DNA most probably via an intercalating mode.
HPLC of Palmatrubine
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
51.8000
.4695
.2273
.5494
1.3411
14.7318
High
38.1755
2.6754
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
1.8
No
No
No
No
Palmatrubine is a typical isoquinoline alkaloid, attracting attention for its unique chemical structure and diverse biological activities. As a derivative of the Palmatine family, palmatine red alkali is widely found in traditional Chinese medicinal materials, especially abundant in medicinal plants such as Coptis chinensis and Corydalis yanhusuo. In recent years, with the development of natural product pharmacology, Bamaztin Red Alkaloid has become a research hotspot due to its potential role in anti-tumor treatment, especially in leukemia treatment.
Leukemia, as a type of malignant tumor originating from the hematopoietic system, has a complex pathogenesis and diverse treatment options, but still faces issues of drug resistance and recurrence. Bamazine red alkaloid demonstrates inhibitory effects on various leukemia cell lines by regulating multiple key molecular pathways, demonstrating promising drug development potential. This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Bamatin red alkalin, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and clinical application prospects, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and guiding ideas for subsequent research.
Palmatrubine, molecular formula C20H20NO5, molecular weight 338.3830, CAS number 16176-68-4, is a natural alkaloid with an isoquiline framework. Its structural features include a tetracyclic isoquinoline core with multiple methoxy substituents, giving it strong lipophilicity and stability. The LogP value was 0.4695, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration and distribution in vivo.
The polar surface area (TPSA) was 51.8 Ų, indicating moderate polarity and some water solubility (0.5494), providing a solid physicochemical basis for its absorption and distribution in vivo. Bamazine red alkaloid has high blood-brain barrier permeability, suggesting its potential role in central nervous system diseases. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames-induced mutagenic test value was 1.8, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and a solid safety foundation.
Bamatin red alkali is mainly found in various Chinese medicinal herbs, especially the rhizomes of plants such as Coptis chinensis, Corydalis yanhusuo, and Phellodendron amurense. In traditional Chinese medicine, these plants are widely used for heat-clearing, detoxifying, blood circulation, and pain relief. Bamazine red alkalin, as one of the active ingredients, undertakes part of the pharmacological effects.
Common methods for extracting Bamazine red alkali include solvent extraction, acid-base extraction, and chromatographic separation. Taking Coptis chinensis as an example, ethanol or methanol is often used as solvents for reflux extraction, followed by alkaline aqueous phase extraction through acid-base adjustment to remove impurities. Finally, technologies such as silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used to purify Bamatin's red alkalis. In recent years, the application of new technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction has improved extraction efficiency and purity, laying the foundation for industrial production.
Bamazine Red Mine exhibits significant pharmacological activity across various in vitro and in vivo models, especially demonstrating unique advantages in the field of leukemia treatment. Its main pharmacological activities include:
Antileukemia effect
Multiple studies have shown that Bamatin can inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells and induce apoptosis. It exhibits inhibitory effects on various leukemia cell lines, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Its inhibitory effect is closely related to the dosage and duration of action, showing clear dose-dependence.
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory
Bamazine can downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, regulate immune cell function, and reduce inflammatory responses. By inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway, it reduces the release of inflammatory mediators, indirectly enhancing anti-tumor immune effects.
Antioxidant effects
As a natural alkaloid, Bamazine Red Soda has the ability to eliminate free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage and maintain cellular homeostasis.
Neuroprotective effects
Due to its good blood-brain barrier permeability, Bamazine red alkaloid also has potential in neuroprotection; some studies have shown it can alleviate neuroinflammation and promote nerve cell survival.
The mechanism of bamatine's anti-leukemia action is complex, involving multiple signaling pathways and regulation of key molecular targets. The current research mainly focuses on the following targets:
AMPK（PRKAA1）
As a core regulator of cellular energy metabolism, AMPK activation can suppress the metabolic adaptability of tumor cells. Bamazine red alkaloid activates AMPK, inducing energy metabolism disorders in leukemia cells and promoting apoptosis.
MCL1 and BCL2
These two anti-apoptotic proteins play key roles in the survival of leukemia cells. Bamatin red alkaloid downregulates MCL1 and BCL2 expression, disrupts the intracellular anti-apoptotic barrier, and promotes mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
NOTCH1
The NOTCH1 signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Bamaztin red alkaloid blocks cell proliferation and abnormal differentiation by inhibiting NOTCH1 signaling, thereby suppressing tumor progression.
STAT3
STAT3, as a pro-tumor transcription factor, regulates the expression of various genes. Bamatin red alkaloid inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, reduces its transcriptional activity, and suppresses tumor cell proliferation and immune escape.
MAPT、IDH1、NFE2L2、TOP1、SIRT1
These targets involve cytoskeletal stability, metabolic regulation, oxidative stress responses, DNA topoisomerase activity, and deacetylase function. The regulation by Bamatin red alkaloid further reveals its multi-target, multi-pathway synergistic anti-tumor effects.
In summary, Bamazine Red alkaloid regulates leukemia cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism through the synergistic effects of multiple targets and pathways, demonstrating broad-spectrum anti-leukemia potential.
The druggability evaluation of Bamatinibine shows it has good potential for drug development:
Molecular weight and lipid solubility
The molecular weight of 338.38 conforms to the Lipinski rule, and the LogP value of 0.4695 indicates a balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, which is beneficial for oral absorption and internal distribution.
Polar Surface Area (TPSA)
A TPSA value of 51.8 Ų indicates moderate polarity, which aids cell membrane penetration and blood-brain barrier permeability.
Water solubility and bioavailability
Although its water solubility of 0.5494 is not high, it is sufficient to support some oral absorption. Combined with its high permeability of the blood-brain barrier, it indicates good distribution ability both centrally and peripherally.
Security
hERG channels have no inhibitory effects, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. Ames test results indicate low genotoxicity and good safety.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics
Although there is currently limited research on the pharmacokinetics of bamaztin red alkaloids, its structure is stable, and its metabolic pathway may involve the hepatic CYP450 enzyme system, requiring further study on its metabolic kinetic parameters, half-life, and distribution in vivo.
Bamatin red alkaloids, as a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, have significant clinical development potential due to their multi-target antileukemia effects and good druggability. Future research directions can focus on:
In-depth mechanism research
Further elucidation was made to clarify the interaction mechanisms between palmatine red aline and various molecular targets, revealing its signaling network regulation within leukemia cells, and optimizing its structure to enhance selectivity and efficacy.
Pharmacokinetic and toxicological evaluation
Systematic in vivo pharmacokinetic studies are conducted to clarify absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics, and to assess the safety and toxicological risks of long-term medication.
Combination medication strategies
Explore the combined application of bamatine red aline with existing leukemia treatments (such as targeted drugs and chemotherapy drugs), evaluating its synergistic effects and potential to reduce drug resistance.
Preclinical and clinical trials
Promote efficacy validation and safety evaluation in animal models, gradually conduct clinical trials to verify treatment efficacy and tolerability in leukemia patients.
Expand indications
Utilizing its high permeability of the blood-brain barrier, its potential applications in neurologic tumors and neurodegenerative diseases are explored.
Bamatin red alkaloids, as a natural isoquinoline alkaloid with a multi-target mechanism, demonstrate unique pharmacological advantages in the field of leukemia treatment. Its excellent physicochemical properties and safety provide a solid foundation for drug development. In the future, by combining modern pharmacology, molecular biology, and medicinal chemistry, the mechanism of action of bamaztin red aline and its drug properties will be further explored, making it an important candidate for novel anti-leukemia drugs. The continued development of natural product pharmacology will provide broader space and possibilities for the clinical translation of Bamazine red alkaloids.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
