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Product name: Kuwanon E
Synonym name: Kuwanon E
Catalogue No.: SBP02709
Cas No.: 68401-05-8
Formula: C25H28O6
Mol Weight: 424.493
Botanical Source:
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Flavonoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
111.9600
4.0000
3.5000
Low
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
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Kuwanon E is a flavonoid natural product isolated from the mulberry tree (Morus spp.), exhibiting significant biological activity and showing potential pharmacological value especially in anti-inflammatory and antitumor fields. As one of the hot topics in pharmacological research of natural products, amthaslavone E has attracted widespread attention due to its cytotoxic effects on human monocyte leukemia cell lines and its significant inhibition of IL-1β levels as an inflammatory mediator. In recent years, with in-depth exploration of its molecular mechanisms, mulsoflavone E has demonstrated multiple effects in regulating inflammation-related signaling pathways, immune regulation, and apoptosis, indicating potential for development as anti-inflammatory and antitumor drugs.
This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of mulflavone E, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Combined with current research progress, it explores its clinical application prospects and future research directions, providing a theoretical basis and research reference for drug development of this natural product.
The chemical name of mullain flavonoid E is 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone, with a molecular formula of C23H20O7 and a molecular weight of 408.4900. Its structure belongs to the flavonoid class, featuring a typical tricyclic structure (C6-C3-C6), containing multiple hydroxyl and methoxy substituents, which gives it a solid bioactive basis. The LogP value of threslavone E is about 4.0, indicating high lipid solubility that facilitates cell membrane penetration, but also suggests low water solubility. The topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 111.96 Ų, indicating moderate polarity, which may affect its absorption and distribution characteristics.
Phesoflavone E contains six hydrogen bond receptors (mainly hydroxyl and ketone oxygen atoms), which is significant for binding to protein targets. According to existing data, its blood-brain barrier permeability is low, suggesting its limited distribution in the central nervous system. There are currently no clear reports on safety indicators such as hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity (including hERG channel inhibition), and genotoxicity (Ames test), and further systematic evaluation is needed.
Mullaxlavone E is mainly found in plants of the genus Morus, especially abundant in the root bark, leaves, and bark of mulberry (Morus alba L.). As a traditional Chinese medicinal material, mulberry is widely used in the field of Chinese medicine, and its various flavonoid components are considered the basis of its medicinal properties.
Common methods for extracting mulsoflavone E include solvent extraction, column chromatography separation, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. Generally, ethanol or methanol is used as the extraction solvent, combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction or reflux extraction techniques to improve extraction efficiency. Subsequently, separation and purification were performed using silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase C18 column chromatography, and finally qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using HPLC. In recent years, supercritical CO2 extraction technology and molecular blotting technology have also been attempted for the efficient purification of sangflavone E, improving extraction selectivity and yield.
Mulsoflavone E exhibits cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines, especially showing significant inhibitory effects on human monocyte leukemia cell lines (such as THP-1 and U937). In vitro experiments show that mulflavone E can induce tumor cell apoptosis, block the cell cycle, and inhibit cell proliferation. Its cytotoxic effects are closely related to regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins within cells and activating the caspase family.
Mulsoflavone E has been studied in relatively deep anti-inflammatory properties. It can significantly reduce the expression level of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators. Both in vitro and in vivo inflammation models show that mulflavone E alleviates inflammatory responses by regulating multiple inflammation-related signaling pathways. Its targets include key inflammatory regulators such as IL-6, STAT3, CASP1, TRPV1, PTGS1, TNF, TRPA1, NOS2, PTGS2, and NFKB1.
In addition to its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects, mulsoflavone E also exhibits certain antioxidant activity, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress damage. Additionally, some studies suggest it may have neuroprotective and immunomodulatory functions, but the evidence is insufficient and further verification is needed.
The pharmacological mechanism of mullasflavone E is mainly achieved through multi-target and multi-pathway coordinated regulation.
Mulsoflavone E reduces the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, thereby lowering the inflammatory cascade. Its inhibitory effect on STAT3 blocks the transmission of pro-inflammatory signals, reducing chronic inflammatory states. CASP1 (caspase 1), a key enzyme in the inflammasome, inhibits the activity of amberflavone E, reducing the maturation and release of IL-1β, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response.
Additionally, mullaxanthin E modulates the TRPV1 and TRPA1 plasma channels, which may be involved in relieving inflammatory pain. It inhibits PTGS1 (COX-1) and PTGS2 (COX-2), reduces prostaglandin synthesis, and further exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Inhibition of NOS2 (induced nitric oxide synthase) reduces inflammation-related nitric oxide production and alleviates oxidative damage.
Mulsoflavone E induces programmed tumor cell death by regulating apoptosis-related proteins (such as the Bcl-2 family and the caspase family). Its effect on cell cycle regulatory proteins blocks the cell cycle process and inhibits cell proliferation. Some studies suggest that sangflavone E may block tumor cell growth and metastasis by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway.
The antioxidant mechanism of mulflavone E mainly works by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby reducing cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. Its regulation of immune cell function may help regulate immune response balance by influencing cytokine secretion and signal transduction pathways.
The molecular weight of mulflavone E is 408.49, making it a medium-weight compound with a LogP value of about 4.0, indicating good lipid solubility and facilitating cell membrane penetration, but poor water solubility may affect oral bioavailability. TPSA was 111.96 Ų, indicating moderate polarity and compliance with certain drug similarity rules.
The blood-brain barrier has a low penetration capacity, limiting its potential for application in central nervous system diseases. Regarding safety indicators such as hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity (including hERG channel inhibition), and genotoxicity (Ames test), current data are insufficient and require in vivo and in vitro toxicology studies for clarification.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, there is still a lack of systematic studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) in vivo. Given its high lipid solubility, mullaxinoid E may be metabolized by liver metabolic enzymes (such as the cytochrome P450 family), posing potential risks of drug interactions. Future pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of their clinical applications.
As a natural flavonoid compound with multiple biological activities, Sangflavone E demonstrates good anti-inflammatory and antitumor potential, making it valuable for developing novel natural drugs or drug-lead compounds. Its inhibitory effect on inflammatory mediators gives it potential application prospects in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. At the same time, its cytotoxic effects on hematological malignancies such as leukemia provide a theoretical basis for the development of antitumor drugs.
However, the clinical transformation of mulflavonoid E still faces many challenges, including poor water solubility, insufficient in vivo stability, lack of safety data, and unclear pharmacokinetic characteristics. Future research should focus on:
Through these studies, phesoflavone E is expected to become an important candidate molecule in the development of natural product drugs, promoting the application of natural medicines in modern medicine.
As a natural flavonoid derived from mulberry trees, mullaflavonoid E demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor potential due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological activity. By regulating inflammatory signaling pathways and inducing tumor cell apoptosis, it exerts multiple biological effects and holds high research and development value. Although its druggability and clinical application still have certain limitations, with advances in extraction and purification technology and deeper revelation of pharmacological mechanisms, mulflavonoid E is expected to become an important breakthrough in natural product drug development.
In the future, we should strengthen the systematic pharmacokinetics, safety, and preclinical research of pherosoflavone E to lay a solid foundation for its clinical translation, promote its application in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor fields, and benefit a wide range of patients. The continuous development of natural product pharmacology will provide broader space and opportunities for the drug development of mulsoflavone E and similar compounds.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
