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Product name: Isoforsythiaside
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0782
Cas No.: 1357910-26-9
Formula: C29H36O15
Mol Weight: 624.592
Botanical Source:
Physical Description: Powder
Type of Compound: Phenylpropanoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams, up to kilograms
Inquire for bulk scale.
Descriptions:
Isoforsythiaside, a novel phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Forsythia suspensa, has antioxidant effect and antibacterial activity, may be as the alternative antioxidants and antibacterial agents from natural origin.[1]
References:
[1] Qu H, Zhang Y, Chai X, et al. Bioorg Chem, 2012, 40(1):87-91.
[2] Pei X, Zhang S, Yan Y, et al. Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs, 2011, 25(5):438-40.
HPLC of Isoforsythiaside
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
245.2900
.3656
.3543
4.9826
.5753
.1006
Low
77.3890
4.7542
No
No
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Isoforsythiaside is an important active ingredient in a class of natural products that has attracted widespread attention in recent years for its remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial properties. As a glycoside compound with multiple biological activities, isoprosythione glycosides show promising application potential in the development of natural drug resources and research on novel anti-infective drugs. It exhibits strong inhibitory effects against various pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and involves multiple key targets in its antiviral mechanisms, demonstrating broad pharmacological value. This article will systematically review the chemical structure, origin, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and druggability evaluation of isoprosythione glycoside, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical development and drug design.
The molecular formula of isofortythione ester glycosides is C_30H_38O_14, with a molecular weight of 624.5920. Its structure contains multiple ester groups and glycosidic bonds, reflecting complex polyphenol and glycoside structural characteristics. Its LogP value is 0.3656, indicating that the molecule has a good balance of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, which is beneficial for absorption and distribution in the body. The total polar surface area (TPSA) reached as high as 245.29 Ų, indicating strong molecular polarity, which may affect cell membrane permeability and the blood-brain barrier penetration ability. It has good water solubility (4.9826), which is beneficial for formulation development and improving bioavailability in vivo.
The chemical structure of isofortylene ester glycosides gives them excellent antioxidant properties, mainly due to their free radical scavenging ability for polyphenol hydroxyl groups, while the ester gin structure helps maintain molecular stability and biological activity. Its low blood-brain barrier permeability and lack of hERG inhibitory effects demonstrate good safety and lower cardiotoxicity risk. Additionally, the Ames test result was 0.0, indicating that the compound has no significant genotoxicity, laying a solid safety foundation for clinical application.
Isostythia ester glycosides are mainly found in traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as Forsythia suspensa, and are one of its important active components. Forsythia belongs to the Oleaceae family and the Forsythia genus, widely distributed in China and East Asia. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas for clearing heat, detoxifying, reducing inflammation, and antibacterial effects. The content of isoforsythia glycosides is relatively abundant in forsythia fruits and leaves, and its content is significantly influenced by plant growth environment, harvest time, and processing techniques.
Solvent extraction of isoprosytinoside glycosides is commonly done by solvent extraction, typically using ethanol or methanol as the extraction solvent, and improving extraction efficiency through ultrasound-assisted extraction or reflux extraction. The extract is concentrated, separated, and purified, and is commonly separated using column chromatography techniques (such as silica gel columns and reversed-phase C18 columns), and is finally identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In recent years, the application of supercritical fluid extraction and membrane separation technologies has gradually improved the extraction purity and yield of isofortyrotide estersides, providing technical support for large-scale production.
Isorthothiene glycosides exhibit remarkable antioxidant capacity, effectively scavenging free radicals and reducing cell damage caused by oxidative stress. In vitro experiments have shown that this compound can inhibit lipid peroxidation, protect the stability of cell membrane structures, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Its antioxidant mechanism mainly relies on the direct capture of free radicals by polyphenol hydroxyl groups and the ability of metal ion chelation, thereby slowing down oxidation chain reactions. Its antioxidant activity gives it potential application value in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation-related pathological conditions.
Isolithia ester glycosides exhibit good inhibitory effects against various commonly clinically pathogenic bacteria. It is effective against E. coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40.83 μg/mL, which was effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) had a MIC of 81.66 μg/mL, showing strong activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This antibacterial effect may be achieved by disrupting bacterial cell membrane structures, inhibiting cell wall synthesis, or interfering with bacterial metabolic pathways.
Additionally, isofortythione glycosides exhibit synergistic effects when used in combination therapy, enhancing the antibacterial effect of traditional antibiotics and reducing the risk of resistant strains. Its broad antibacterial spectrum and low toxicity provide important clues for developing novel anti-infective drugs.
Isorthothionetide glycosides also show promise in antiviral research, particularly by inhibiting key viral targets. Relevant targets include myeloperoxidase (MPO), herpesvirus UL42 and UL54 proteins, ICP27 protein, thymine kinase (TK), herpesvirus glycoprotein D (gD), as well as HIV-related CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors, HIV-1 protease (HIV1-PR), and integrase (INT).
By interfering with these targets, isfortyxin glycosides can inhibit viral replication, assembly, and infection, reducing pathological damage caused by viral infection. Especially in HIV infection models, the regulatory effects of CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors provide a molecular basis for their anti-HIV activity. Its multi-target mode of action offers new ideas for antiviral drug design.
The pharmacological mechanisms of isofortythione glycosides are complex and diverse, covering antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral aspects. Its antioxidant effects are mainly achieved by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and regulating intracellular antioxidant enzyme systems. At the molecular level, isofortythione glycosides can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, promote antioxidant gene expression, and enhance cells' ability to resist oxidative damage.
In terms of antibacterial mechanisms, isoprosythione glycosides disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell membranes, interfere with cell wall synthesis and protein synthesis, and thus hinder bacterial growth. In addition, its inhibitory effect on bacterial metabolic enzymes has also been reported, further deepening our understanding of antibacterial mechanisms.
Its antiviral effects involve multiple key targets. Isoprosytriate glycosides block viral invasion and replication by directly binding to viral proteins or regulating host cell receptors. For example, targeting the herpes virus UL42 and UL54 proteins, isoprosythidioside inhibits viral DNA polymerase activity and blocks viral gene replication. Regulation of HIV-related receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 inhibits viral entry into host cells. Additionally, isoprosythione glycosides inhibit HIV proteases and integrase, hindering viral maturation and gene integration, demonstrating multi-target antiviral potential.
The druggability parameters of isoprosythione glycoside indicate that it has good potential for drug development. Although the molecular weight of 624.5920 is slightly above the ideal oral drug standard, its moderate LogP (0.3656) and good water solubility (4.9826) facilitate absorption and distribution in the body. A high TPSA value (245.29 Ų) suggests strong polarity, which may limit its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, consistent with experimental data for low blood-brain barrier permeability.
In terms of safety, prostration glycoside does not inhibit hERG channels, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. The negative Ames test further confirmed that it had no significant genotoxicity. Taken together, these features provide excellent safety assurance for clinical applications.
Currently, pharmacokinetic research on isofortyxin glycosides is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo studies show that its oral bioavailability is moderate, mainly metabolized through the hepatic enzyme system. The activity and excretion pathways of these metabolites still require further research. In the future, systematic evaluation of in vivo kinetics, metabolic stability, and drug interactions should be strengthened to guide the formulation of clinical medication regimens.
With its multiple pharmacological activities, isoprosythieside shows broad clinical application prospects, especially in antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral fields. Its excellent antibacterial activity provides new drug candidate molecules for the growing antibiotic resistance, especially its significant inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria, showing potential for developing novel anti-infective drugs.
In terms of antivirals, isoprosythione glycosides provide new ideas for antiviral drug design by targeting key viral targets, especially in adjuvant therapy for HIV and herpes virus infections. In the future, modern drug design technologies can be combined to optimize their structure, improving targeting and bioavailability.
Moreover, the antioxidant properties of isoprosythiazide glycosides give them potential applications in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. By combining them with other drugs, synergistic effects are expected to be achieved, enhancing treatment outcomes.
However, clinical research on isoprosythione glycosides is still in its early stages, and systematic clinical trial data are lacking. Future research should focus on pharmacokinetics, toxicological evaluation, and clinical efficacy validation to promote its clinical translation.
As a natural compound compound, isoprosythione glycoside demonstrates broad potential for drug development due to its unique chemical structure and diverse pharmacological activities. Its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral mechanisms are diverse, involving multiple molecular targets, providing a rich theoretical foundation and practical basis for new drug development. Druggability evaluations show that it has good safety and drug properties, laying a foundation for clinical application.
In the future, with advances in extraction and purification technologies and deeper pharmacological analysis, isoprosythione glycosides are expected to become important candidates in the fields of natural medicines and anti-infective drugs. Systematic pharmacokinetics and clinical research will be key to driving its clinical translation. Overall, isoprosytinoside has broad development prospects in natural product pharmacology and drug development, warranting further in-depth research and application promotion.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
