Product name: Hypocrellin B
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0755
Cas No.: 123940-54-5
Formula: C₃₀H₂₄O₉
Mol Weight: 528.513
Botanical Source: Hypocrella bambusae (Berk. et Br.) Sacc
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Anthraquinones

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.

Description:

Hypocrellin B has sonodynamic action to induce mitochondrial damage, survival inhibition, apoptosis and inhibit adhesion and migration of cancer cells. Photodynamic therapy with Hypocrellin B can remarkably induce apoptosis and inhibit adhesion and migration of cancer cells in vitro.

References:

Int J Radiat Biol. 2014 Jul;90(7):575-9.    

Effect of photodynamic therapy with hypocrellin B on apoptosis, adhesion, and migration of cancer cells.    

In the present study, we investigated effects of photodynamic therapy with Hypocrellin B on apoptosis, adhesion, and migration of cancer cells in vitro. 

METHODS AND RESULTS:

Human ovarian cancer HO-8910 cell as a cancer model cell was incubated with Hypocrellin B at a concentration of 2.5 μM for 5 h and irradiated by light from a light-emitting diodes (LED) source. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and nuclear staining 6 h after Hypocrellin B photoirradiation. Cell adhesion was assessed using the 3-(4, 5-dimthylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 4 h after photodynamic treatment. Cell migration was measured 48 h after photodynamic treatment. Flow cytometry with annexin V/PI staining showed that early apoptotic and late apoptotic (necrotic) rates following photodynamic therapy with Hypocrellin B markedly increased to 16.40% and 24.67%, respectively. Nuclear staining found nuclear condensation and typical apoptotic body in the treated cells. The number of cell migration was significantly decreased to 183 ± 28 after photodynamic therapy with Hypocrellin B (p < 0.01). Light irradiation alone and Hypocrellin B alone had no significant effect on cell migration. The cell adhesion inhibitory rate due to photodynamic action of Hypocrellin Bwas 53.2 ± 1.8%, significantly higher than 2.7 ± 2.1% of light treatment alone and 1.0 ± 0.4% of Hypocrellin B treatment alone (p < 0.01). 

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings demonstrated that photodynamic therapy with Hypocrellin B remarkably induced apoptosis and inhibited adhesion and migration of cancer cells in vitro.    

Ultrasonics. 2012 Apr;52(4):543-6.    

Hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.  

The present study aims to investigate apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by Hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action. 

METHODS AND RESULTS:

The Hypocrellin B concentration was kept constant at 2.5 μM and cells from the hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line were exposed to ultrasound with an intensity of 0.46 W/cm(2) for 8s. Cell cytotoxicity was quantified using an MTT assay 24 h after sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of Hypocrellin B. Apoptosis was investigated using a flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using a flow cytometry with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorecein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. The cytotoxicity of Hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action on HepG2 cells was significantly higher than those of other treatments including ultrasound alone, Hypocrellin B alone and sham treatment. Flow cytometry showed that Hypocrellin B-induced sonodynamic action markedly enhanced the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells. Increased ROS was observed in HepG2 cells after being treated with Hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action. 

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data demonstrated that Hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action remarkably induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells, suggesting that apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell death induced by Hypocrellin B-mediated SDT.    

HPLC of Hypocrellin B

HNMR of Hypocrellin B

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Hypocrellin B (CAS No.: 123940-54-5) is a natural pigment derived from the fungi Hypocrella bambusae and Shiraia bambusicola, and belongs to the furanthraquinone class of compounds. As a photosensitizer, Bambooacetic fungi acetin has demonstrated unique application value in the field of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), especially attracting widespread attention in anti-tumor treatment. In addition, Bakoredia acetosin also exhibits significant antibacterial and anti-leishmanian activities, demonstrating its multi-target and multifunctional pharmacological potential. In recent years, with deeper research into its molecular mechanisms and medicinal properties, Bamboo-red Acetosin has gradually become one of the hot topics in pharmacological research of natural products.

This review aims to systematically summarize the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, sources and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action of Bamboo Red fungus acetose, combined with its druggability evaluation and clinical application prospects, to comprehensively analyze its potential and challenges as a candidate molecule for novel natural medicines, providing a theoretical foundation and reference for related research.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Bamboo-red fungus acetoxin is a natural pigment of the furan anthraquinone class, with a molecular formula of C28H24O10 and a molecular weight of 528.5130. Its structural features include a polycyclic anthraquinone core, connected to a furan ring and multiple hydroxyl and methoxy substituents, giving it unique photosensitive activity. Its LogP value is 3.7202, indicating moderate hydrophobicity, which facilitates penetration of cell membranes. The topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 128.5900, indicating moderate polarity, which may affect its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Its extremely low water solubility (0.0001 mg/mL) limits its solubility in the aqueous phase, suggesting that appropriate carriers or solvent systems should be used in formulation development to improve bioavailability. The blood-brain barrier penetration ability is relatively low, indicating that its application in the central nervous system may be limited. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, suggesting that Bamboo-red fungus acetose carries a low risk of prolonged cardiac QT intervals. The Ames mutagenic test result was 0.9, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and a solid safety foundation.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Bamboo Red Fungus acetosin is mainly isolated from fungi of the genus Hypocrella bambusae and Shiraia bambusicola. Shiraia bambusicola is a filamentous fungus that parasitizes bamboo plants, widely distributed across Asia, especially in bamboo forests in southern China. The natural accumulation of acetogen in Bamboo Red Fungus makes this fungus an important natural product resource.

Traditional extraction methods typically combine organic solvent extraction with separation and purification strategies. Common extraction solvents include ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, etc., combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction or reflux extraction to improve extraction efficiency. The extract was further purified using silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and other techniques, ultimately yielding high-purity bamboo-red acetyx.

In recent years, with the demand for green chemistry and process optimization, new technologies such as supercritical CO2 extraction and microwave-assisted extraction have been introduced to improve extraction efficiency, reduce solvent usage, and protect active ingredients. In addition, research on biosynthetic pathways based on genetic engineering and fermentation technologies has also opened new possibilities for large-scale production of Bambooacetin.

Pharmacological activity research

Antitumor activity

As a photosensitizer, Bamboo Red Acetose has been widely reported to have antitumor effects in photodynamic therapy. Under light conditions, it can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells. Various tumor cell lines (including lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, etc.) show sensitivity to Bamboo-red fungus acetodynamic photodynamic therapy and show significant cytotoxic effects.

In addition to photodynamic effects, bambooacetic acid also exhibits certain non-photodependent antitumor activity. Research shows that it can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating various signaling pathways and molecular targets. Its targets include anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and BCL2, signal transduction factor STAT3, matrix metalloproteinase MMP2, DNA topoisomerase TOP1 and TOP2A, transcription factors HIF1A and MAPK1, estrogen receptor ESR1, and aromatase CYP19A1, demonstrating its multi-target regulatory characteristics.

Antibacterial and anti-leishmanian activity

Bamboo Red Fungus acetoxin exhibits inhibitory effects on various bacteria, especially showing strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, its inhibitory effect on Leishmania spp. has been confirmed, demonstrating potential antiparasitic applications. Its antibacterial mechanism may be related to cell membrane disruption, ROS generation, and DNA damage.

Other pharmacological effects

Some studies suggest that Bambooacetic Acetin has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, but the related mechanisms have not been systematically elucidated and require further in-depth research.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The antitumor mechanism of Bamboo-red Acetin mainly relies on its photosensitive properties and multi-target regulatory capability. Under light conditions, bamboo-red acetic acid is activated by light to produce singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species, significantly increasing oxidative stress levels within tumor cells, inducing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and activation of endogenous apoptosis pathways.

At the molecular level, Bamboo-red Acetic can downregulate the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and BCL2, lifting the inhibition of apoptosis. Its inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway blocks tumor cell proliferation and immune escape. By inhibiting MMP2, Bamboored Acetosin reduces stromal degradation in tumor cells, suppressing cell migration and invasion. Interference with DNA topoisomerase TOP1 and TOP2A hinders the DNA replication and repair processes in tumor cells.

In addition, bamboo red fungus acetic can inhibit HIF1A, reduce tumor hypoxia adaptability, and enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy. Regulation of MAPK1 and ESR1 affects tumor cell signaling and the growth of hormone-dependent tumors. By inhibiting aromatase CYP19A1, it may affect estrogen synthesis and further exert its anti-breast cancer effects.

The antibacterial and anti-leishmanian activities of Bambooacetophytes are also closely related to the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell membrane destruction, leading to microbial cell death.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

The drugability evaluation of Bamboo-red Acetoxin shows that it has certain advantages and challenges. Its molecular weight is 528.5130, slightly above the ideal range for traditional oral small molecule drugs, but still within acceptable limits. The LogP was 3.7202, indicating moderate lipid solubility that facilitates cell membrane penetration, but extremely low water solubility (0.0001 mg/mL), limiting its oral bioavailability and in vivo distribution.

The blood-brain barrier penetration ability is relatively low, suggesting it is less likely to enter the central nervous system, reducing neurotoxicity risks but limiting its application in central nervous system diseases. hERG channel inhibition was negative, indicating a lower risk of cardiotoxicity. Ames trial results showed that it carries a low genotoxicity risk and is relatively safe.

Pharmacokinetics, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics of Bamboo-red acetosin in the body have not been systematically reported. Given its low water solubility, oral absorption may be limited, and bioavailability may be improved using nanocarriers, liposomes, or other delivery systems. Metabolic pathways may involve liver enzyme systems, requiring further study of their metabolites and toxicity.

In photodynamic therapy applications, local administration or intravenous injection combined with specific wavelength light irradiation can achieve targeted killing of tumor cells and reduce systemic toxic side effects.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Bamboo Red Acetose, as a photosensitizer, has broad application prospects in cancer photodynamic therapy. Its highly effective photosensitive activity and multi-target anti-tumor mechanisms provide new strategies for treating various solid tumors. In the future, structural modification and drug carrier technologies can optimize their pharmacokinetic properties and targeting properties, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Antibacterial and anti-leishmanian activity makes it possible for development in the field of infectious diseases, especially in the context of increasingly severe resistant strains and parasitic infections, where Acetosin is expected to become a novel anti-infective drug candidate.

However, the low water solubility and pharmacokinetic limitations of Bambooacetophytes acetin are the main obstacles to its clinical transformation. Further systematic pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and preclinical studies are needed to clarify its safety and effective dose range. At the same time, optimizing the light source equipment and lighting parameters of photodynamic therapy is also key to achieving clinical application.

Future research should also focus on the combined use of Bamboo-red fungus acetin with other anticancer drugs to explore synergistic synergistic mechanisms and improve treatment outcomes. Additionally, optimization of genetic engineering synthesis and fermentation processes will facilitate large-scale production and cost control.

Conclusion

Bamboo-red fungus acetose, a natural furanoquinone pigment derived from fungi of the genus Bamboo-red mushroom, demonstrates great potential as a novel photodynamic therapy drug due to its unique photosensitive properties and multi-target antitumor activity. Its antibacterial and anti-leishmanian activities further broaden its pharmacological applications. Despite challenges such as poor water solubility and pharmacokinetic limitations, modern drug formulation technologies and biosynthesis methods provide strong support for clinical translation.

In the future, by further analyzing its mechanism of action, optimizing drug properties, and expanding clinical indications, Bakuhongmycete acetin is expected to become a major breakthrough in the field of natural product pharmacology, bringing new hope for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases.