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Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0700
Cas No.: 343-27-1
Formula: C13H13ClN2O
Mol Weight: 248.71
Botanical Source:
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.
HPLC of Harmine hydrochloride
HNMR of Harmine hydrochloride
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
37.9100
2.7861
2.6306
.0202
2.5423
43.6773
High
86.2661
2.2507
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
1.5
No
No
Yes
No
Harmine hydrochloride (CAS number 343-27-1) is a naturally occurring β-carbine alkaloid widely found in various plants, especially species of the genus Peganum (such as Peganum harmala). As a multi-target natural product, dehydrocamel bark hydrochloride has attracted significant attention from the pharmacological community due to its remarkable anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuromodulatory activities. In recent years, with further in-depth research into its molecular mechanisms, dehydrochloride camel tuckine has been found to be an effective bispecific tyrosine phosphatase-regulated kinase (DYRK) inhibitor, while also exhibiting high affinity for serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A), with a Ki value of about 397 nM. Its potential therapeutic value in various diseases such as lung cancer, especially by regulating key molecular targets such as BCL2, STAT3, and TLR4, shows broad application prospects.
This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of dehydrohydrochloride camelpamine alkaloids, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Combined with its targeting role in diseases such as lung cancer, it will explore its clinical application prospects and future directions, aiming to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation and practical guidance for related research.
The chemical name of dehydrohydrochloride camelpine is 7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-indole[2,3-b]quinolin hydrochloride, molecular formula C13H12N2O· HCl, molecular weight 212.2520. Its core structure is a β-carbine skeleton, containing two fused rings: indole and quinoline, with seven methoxy substituents giving it unique electronic properties. The hydrochloride form increases its water solubility and stability, facilitating bioavailability.
In terms of physicochemical properties, the LogP value of dehydrochloride chloride is 2.7861, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration and blood-brain barrier passage. The polar surface area (TPSA) is 37.9100 Ų, indicating moderate molecular polarity and excellent lipophilic and hydrophilic properties. Water solubility is relatively low (0.0202 mg/mL), but the hydrochloride form improves its solubility. Its molecular structure is stable with no significant hERG channel inhibition. The Ames test result is 1.5, indicating low genotoxicity risk and good safety.
Dehydrochloride mainly comes from the seeds and rhizomes of plants of the genus Peganum harmala L. Camel-nap is widely distributed in the arid regions of Central Asia, West Asia, and North Africa, and is an important source of alkaloids in traditional herbal medicine. Besides Peganum harmala, some Aristolochiaceae plants also contain dehydrocamel alkalin.
The extraction method typically uses organic solvent extraction combined with stepwise acid-base purification. The specific steps include:
1. Dry plant powders are extracted by reflux using methanol or ethanol to extract the total alkaloid mixture.
2. After the extract is concentrated, add dilute hydrochloric acid solution to convert the alkaloid into hydrochloride form, which then dissolves in the aqueous phase.
3. By alkalizing to adjust pH, dehydrocamel soda precipitates in the form of a free base, which is separated by solvent extraction (such as chloroform or ethyl acetate).
4. Repeated recrystallization and column chromatography purification ultimately yields high-purity hydrochloride dehydrochloride camel bark.
Modern extraction technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation have significantly improved extraction efficiency and purity, providing technical support for industrial production.
The pharmacological activities of dehydrocamel prosine hydrochloride cover multiple aspects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, and psychoregulation.
Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that dehydrochloride chloride exhibits significant inhibitory effects on various tumor cells, especially in lung cancer models. Its anti-cancer mechanism involves inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, and suppressing tumor-related signaling pathways. By regulating BCL2 family proteins, mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis is promoted; Inhibits the STAT3 signaling pathway, blocking tumor cells' immune escape and proliferation signals; It regulates TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses and alleviates the pro-cancer inflammatory state in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, dehydrocamel prochloride can inhibit tumor cell migration and invasion, reduce MMP2 activity, and decrease matrix degradation.
Dehydrochloride camel bark alkaloid significantly reduces the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 by inhibiting the NF-κB (RELA) and MAPK signaling pathways, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Its regulatory effect on TLR4 further inhibits the inflammatory signal cascade, reduces tissue damage, and holds potential therapeutic value for inflammatory diseases.
Dehydrocamel tumbler hydrochloride has a high affinity for 5-HT2A receptors and participates in regulating neurotransmitter balance in the central nervous system, showing potential for antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and cognitive improvement. Its high blood-brain barrier permeability supports its application exploration in neurological diseases. Additionally, as a DYRK inhibitor, dehydrochloride chloride can regulate neuronal development and survival, promoting neuroprotection.
The multi-target mechanism of dehydrocamel prochloride is the basis of its pharmacological activity, especially in lung cancer treatment. Its main molecular targets include:
Additionally, dehydrocamel tuckine hydrochloride, as an inhibitor of DYRK family kinases, affects cell cycle regulation, transcription factor activity, and neuronal function, further enriching its pharmacological network.
The druggability parameters of dehydrochloride chloride indicate that it has promising potential for drug development. Its molecular weight is moderate (212.2520), meeting the Lipinski rule, and a LogP value of 2.7861 indicates suitability for oral absorption. TPSA is 37.91 Ų, supporting its good cell membrane permeability and blood-brain barrier permeability, making it suitable for treating central nervous system diseases.
Lower water solubility (0.0202 mg/mL) may limit its oral bioavailability, but formulation design in hydrochloride form and nanocarrier technology can effectively improve solubility and stability. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was 1.5, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and good safety.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that dehydrocamel chloride is rapidly absorbed orally and widely distributed, especially at high concentrations in brain tissue, matching its high blood-brain barrier permeability. Its metabolism mainly occurs through the liver enzyme system, with relatively stable metabolites, and excretion primarily completed by the kidneys. Moderate half-life, suitable for daily administration.
As a multi-target natural product, dehydrochloride chloride is increasingly prominent, especially in lung cancer treatment. By regulating tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting inflammation and the tumor microenvironment, it demonstrates synergistic advantages in anti-cancer treatment. In the future, combining targeted drugs with immunotherapy combined strategies is expected to enhance clinical efficacy.
In addition, dehydrohydrochlorochloride has broad prospects for its application in neurological diseases. Its high affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor and its DYRK inhibitory effect provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. With advances in drug delivery technology, the bioavailability and targeting of dehydrochloride chloride will be further enhanced.
Future research should focus on in vivo pharmacokinetic optimization, toxicological safety evaluation, and preclinical model validation. At the same time, in-depth analysis of its multi-target mechanism of action, development of structurally modified derivatives, and improved selectivity and efficacy will promote the clinical translation of dehydrochloride camel bark alkaloids.
Dehydrochloride camel tun, as a natural product with multiple biological activities, demonstrates broad application potential in anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective fields due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target mechanism. Its excellent druggability parameters and safety evaluation provide a solid foundation for drug development. In the future, through technological innovation and in-depth mechanistic research, dehydrocamel proteine hydrochloride is expected to become an important candidate drug for treating lung cancer and neurological diseases, promoting the development and clinical translation of natural product pharmacology.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
