Product name: Ganoderic Acid B
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0616
Cas No.: 81907-61-1
Formula: C₃₀H₄₄O₇
Mol Weight: 516.675
Botanical Source: Ganoderma lucidum (reishi)
Physical Description: Powder
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams, up to kilograms
Inquire for bulk scale.

Descriptions:
Oxidization and hydroxylation are the common metabolic pathways for Ganoderic acid B.[1]
Ganoderic acid B has anti-hypertensive triterpene , is an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis.[2]

References:
[1] Guo X, Shen X, Long J, et al. Biomed Chromatogr Bmc, 2013, 27(9):1177–87.
[2] Jones B K. Reishi (Ganoderma): Longevity Herb of the Orient[J].
[3] Wang S Z, Lin D, Lin Z X, et al. Drug Evaluation, 2012, 35 (03): 190-3.

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Ganoderma lucidum, as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has long been known as the "grass of immortals" due to its abundant bioactive components and extensive pharmacological effects. Among them, Ganoderic Acid B (Ganoderic Acid B), an important triterpenoid compound in Ganoderic luci, has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its unique biological activity. Ganodermic acid B not only exhibits various pharmacological activities such as antiviral and immunomodulatory but also reveals its regulatory role in multiple signaling pathways through molecular mechanism studies, indicating high potential for drug development.

This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Ganoderma acid B, its plant origin, and extraction methods, focusing on its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action. Combined with the latest druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic data, it explores its clinical application prospects and future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research reference for natural product pharmacology and new drug development.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Ganoderma Acid B (CAS No.: 81907-61-1) belongs to the triterpene class of compounds, with the molecular formula C30H44O7 and a molecular weight of 516.6750. Its structural features include a typical pentacyclic triterpene framework, containing multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, forming a relatively complex three-dimensional configuration. The LogP value of Ganodermic acid B is 3.0056, showing moderate lipophilicity and low water solubility (0.0226 mg/mL), indicating limited solubility in organisms that may affect its bioavailability. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 128.97 Ų, indicating certain polarity that facilitates binding with biological macromolecules.

The physicochemical properties of Ganodermic acid B, such as low blood-brain barrier permeability and lack of hERG channel inhibition, suggest that it poses relatively low risks in terms of central nervous system toxicity and cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was negative, indicating no significant mutagenicity and meeting safety requirements.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Ganoderma acid B mainly comes from Ganoderma fungus, especially in the fruiting bodies and mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum, where it is abundant. As a traditional medicinal fungus, Ganoderma lucidum is rich in triterpene components, with Ganoderma B being a typical representative of triterpenic acids.

Common methods for extracting Ganoderma acid B include organic solvent extraction and chromatographic separation. Generally, ethanol or methanol is first used for crude extraction, followed by separation and purification through liquid-liquid partitioning, silica gel column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and other techniques. In recent years, supercritical CO2 extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies have also been used to improve extraction efficiency and purity. Purified Ganoderma acid B undergoes structural identification using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and other methods to ensure its purity and structural correctness.

Pharmacological activity research

Antiviral activity

Ganodermic acid B has shown significant activity in antiviral research. As a telomerase inhibitor, it can inhibit the activation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen, block viral replication and latency activation, suggesting its potential application value in the prevention and treatment of EBV-related diseases such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma. Additionally, Ganodermic acid B exhibited moderate inhibition of HIV-1 protease (IC50 approximately 170 μM), suggesting its potential as a lead compound for anti-HIV drugs, although its inhibitory activity still needs optimization.

Immunomodulatory effects

Research on Ganoderma B in immunomodulatory is becoming increasingly profound, showing its ability to regulate various immune-related targets, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), signal transduction and transcription activator factor 3 (STAT3), interleukin 2 (IL-2), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), STAT4, IL-10, FOXP3, and interferon γ (IFN-γ), among others. These targets involve multiple stages such as immune cell activation, differentiation, inflammatory responses, and immune tolerance.

Research shows that Ganodermic acid B can reduce inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR4-mediated signaling pathways, regulating the activity of STAT3 and NF-κB, and promoting immune balance. Its effect on the regulatory T cell (Treg) marker FOXP3 suggests its potential role in autoimmune diseases and tumor immune microenvironment regulation.

Antitumor and other pharmacological effects

In addition to antiviral and immunomodulatory properties, Ganodermic acid B has also been reported to have antitumor activity, including inducing tumor cell apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration. Its mechanism may be closely related to regulating cell cycle-related proteins and suppressing tumor-related signaling pathways (such as STAT3 and NF-κB). In addition, the potential effects of Ganodermic acid B in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective aspects are gradually being revealed.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The multi-target mechanism of Ganodermic acid B forms the basis of its pharmacological activity. It exerts broad biological effects by directly or indirectly regulating multiple signaling pathways.

1. Telomerase inhibition and antiviral mechanisms
   Ganocid acid B can inhibit telomerase activity, block the activation of EBV antigen, reduce viral replication and latency activation, and lower the risk of virus-related tumors.

2. HIV-1 protease inhibition
   As a moderate inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, Ganzic acid B blocks the maturation of viral proteins by binding to protease active sites, thereby affecting the viral life cycle.

3. Immune regulatory signaling pathways

4. TLR4/NF-κB pathway: Ganodermic acid B inhibits TLR4-mediated signaling, reduces NF-κB activity, and alleviates inflammatory responses.
5. STAT3/STAT4 regulation: Controls the expression and activity of STAT3 and STAT4, affecting immune cell differentiation and function.
6. Cytokine regulation: Regulate the secretion of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ, balancing immune activation and suppression.

7. Treg cell regulation: By modulating FOXP3 expression, it affects the number and function of regulatory T cells, modulating immune tolerance.

8. Antitumor mechanism
   Ganodermic acid B exerts its antitumor effect by inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation-related signaling pathways (such as STAT3, NF-κB), and blocking immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

Druggability evaluation of Ganodermic acid B indicates it has certain potential for drug development. Its molecular weight is moderate, and the LogP value indicates good membrane permeability, but its lower water solubility may limit oral bioavailability. A higher TPSA value suggests stronger polarity, which may affect its ability to penetrate cell membranes.

In terms of safety, Ganodermic acid B did not show hERG channel inhibition, reducing cardiotoxicity risk. The Ames test was negative, indicating no significant mutagenicity, meeting safety requirements. Its low blood-brain barrier permeability limits potential side effects in the central nervous system, but may also restrict its application in central nervous system diseases.

Currently, pharmacokinetic data on Ganodermic acid B are limited. Preliminary studies show good in vivo metabolic stability, but bioavailability and metabolic pathways still require further systematic study. In the future, structural modification and dosage form optimization will be needed to improve drug performance.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

As an important representative of Ganoderma triterpenes, Ganoderma acid B shows broad application prospects in antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antitumor fields due to its multi-target and multifunctional pharmacological properties. Especially in adjunctive therapy for EBV-related diseases and HIV infection, Ganodermic acid B has potential clinical value.

Its immunomodulatory effects give it potential for development in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and tumor immunotherapy. Combined with its excellent safety, Ganodermic acid B is expected to become a preferred candidate for natural product drug development.

Future research should focus on the following aspects:

1. Structural optimization and enhanced efficacy: Chemical modification improves water solubility and bioavailability, enhancing antiviral and immunomodulatory activities.
2. Systematic pharmacokinetic studies: clarify its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics in vivo, guiding clinical dosage formulation design.
3. In-depth mechanism analysis: Using multi-omics techniques and molecular simulations, further revealing its target sites and signaling pathway networks.
4. Preclinical and clinical research: Conduct animal model validation and early clinical trials to assess safety and efficacy.
5. Combination therapy strategies: Explore the synergistic effects of Ganodermic acid B with existing antiviral or immunomodulatory agents to expand therapeutic range.

Conclusion

Ganodermic acid B, a representative triterpene natural product of Ganoderma lucidum, has become an important subject in natural medicine research due to its unique chemical structure and diverse pharmacological activities. Its potential in antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor areas provides valuable resources for the development of natural product new drugs. Although there are still certain challenges in druggability and pharmacokinetics, with deeper research and technological advancements, Ganodermic acid B is expected to become an important candidate for treating various diseases in the future.

In summary, research on Ganodermic Acid B not only enriches the theoretical framework of natural product pharmacology, but also provides new ideas and directions for innovative drug development, making it worthy of ongoing investment and attention in both basic and applied research.