+86-28-82633987
Synonym name: Fraxetol
Catalogue No.: BP0598
Cas No.: 574-84-5
Formula: C10H8O5
Mol Weight: 208.169
Botanical Source: Present in the flowers of Fraxinus, Diervilla and Aesculus and in Echites hirsuta. Occurs widely in Peltogyne and Hydrangea spp. Aglycone obtained by hydrol. of Fraxin
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.
HPLC of Fraxetin
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
79.9000
1.3956
1.1009
.5883
6.1667
15.1072
High
79.8016
2.4222
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
0.6
Yes
No
Yes
No
Fraxetin (CAS No.: 574-84-5) is a natural compound isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, a plant in the Oleaceae family, and belongs to the coumarin-class compounds. As a natural small molecule with oral activity, Qin Petin has attracted widespread attention in recent years in pharmacology and natural product drug development due to its diverse biological activities, especially its anti-tumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects. Qin Etinin not only effectively induces apoptosis in various tumor cells but also demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities by regulating multiple cellular signaling pathways. In addition, Qin Petin demonstrates strong antibacterial activity against key microbial targets, demonstrating its potential application value in anti-infective therapy.
This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Qin Petin, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and looks ahead to its clinical application prospects, aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for further research and development of Qin Petin.
The chemical name of Qin Petin is 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin, with the molecular formula C10H8O4 and a molecular weight of 208.1690. Its structural core is the coumarin backbone, with hydroxyl substituents at positions 7 and 8, giving it strong polarity and bioactivity. Qindesu's LogP value is 1.3956, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration and distribution in vivo. The polar surface area (TPSA) is 79.9 Ų, indicating a certain polarity that helps with water solubility and binding ability with biological macromolecules.
In terms of water solubility, Qinpetin's solubility is about 0.5883 mg/mL, indicating that it has certain solubility in the aqueous phase, facilitating the development of oral drug formulations. Its high blood-brain barrier permeability suggests that Qinpetin may have potential therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases. Notably, Qinpeisu does not exhibit hERG channel inhibitory activity, reducing its risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was 0.6, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and good safety.
Qinpetinu mainly comes from the bark and leaves of the Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, a plant in the Oleaceae family. Qin Pi is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, with effects such as clearing heat and detoxifying, dispelling wind, and relieving pain. Qinpetin, as one of its main active ingredients, undertakes part of its pharmacological effects.
Common extraction methods for qin petin include solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and purification. Ethanol or methanol is generally used as extraction solvents, and by optimizing extraction temperature, time, and solvent concentration, higher extraction rates are achieved. Subsequently, technologies such as silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC were used to separate and purify the extract, ultimately obtaining high-purity Qin Petin.
In recent years, green extraction technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction have also been applied in Qin Petin extraction research, aiming to improve extraction efficiency, reduce solvent usage and environmental pollution, and provide technical support for industrial production.
Qin retin exhibits significant anti-proliferative and pro-apoptosis effects in various tumor cell lines. In vitro experiments show that Qinpetinu can induce tumor cell apoptosis by activating mitochondrial pathways, regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, promote cytochrome C release, and activate the caspase cascade. In addition, Qin Petin can inhibit the migration and invasion of tumor cells, blocking the process of tumor metastasis.
In vivo model studies have shown that Qin Petin inhibits tumor growth and has relatively low toxic side effects, demonstrating good therapeutic potential. Its antitumor mechanism involves multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB, regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses.
Qin Petin exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against various bacteria and fungi. Its targets include key enzymes such as bacterial DNA gyra, cell wall synthase FABI, dihydrofolate reductase DHFR, as well as fungal enzymes like ERG11 and CYP51A1, blocking pathogen growth and reproduction. Qinpetinu can also inhibit fungal CDR1 efflux pumps, enhancing the sensitivity of antifungal drugs.
In addition, Qin Petin inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and shows synergistic effects in combination therapy, suggesting broad application prospects in anti-infective therapy.
Qin Petin demonstrates significant antioxidant capacity by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and regulating the antioxidant enzyme system. It can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, enhance intracellular antioxidant defenses, and reduce oxidative stress damage.
In terms of anti-inflammatory effects, Qin retinin suppresses the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, suppresses activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduces inflammatory responses. It demonstrates good anti-inflammatory effects across various inflammatory models, providing a potential pharmacological basis for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
The multi-target mechanism of Qin Petin is the basis of its multiple pharmacological activities. In terms of anti-tumor effects, Qin Etinin induces tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits proliferation by regulating cell cycle-related proteins, pro-apoptotic proteins, and signaling transduction pathways. Specific targets include Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9.
The antibacterial mechanism mainly involves inhibiting key enzymes in bacteria and fungi, such as DNA gyrase and cell wall synthase FABI, which block pathogen DNA replication and cell wall synthesis. Inhibition of fungi ERG11 and CYP51A1 interferes with sterol biosynthesis and disrupts fungal cell membrane structure.
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects work by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway, promoting antioxidant enzyme expression, inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators, and protecting tissues from oxidative and inflammatory damage.
In addition, Qindetin's regulatory effects on cell membrane permeability and signal-transducting molecules enable it to exert protective effects in various pathological conditions.
The druggability parameters of Qin Petin indicate that it has promising potential for drug development. The molecular weight of 208.1690 conforms to the Lipinski rule, and the LogP value of 1.3956 indicates moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for oral absorption. TPSA is 79.9 Ų, indicating suitable polarity, which facilitates target binding and distribution in vivo.
Moderate water solubility (0.5883 mg/mL), facilitating formulation development. The high permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests its potential for treating central nervous system diseases. No hERG channel inhibition, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was 0.6, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and good safety.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that Qin Petin is well absorbed orally, has high bioavailability, is widely distributed in the body, and is mainly metabolized through hepatic enzyme systems, with excretion primarily via the kidneys. Its half-life is moderate, making it suitable for routine administration. The activity and safety of Qinpetin's metabolites still require further research.
With its multiple pharmacological activities and excellent druggability, Qin Peisu demonstrates broad clinical application prospects. In the antitumor field, Qinpetinu can be used as an adjunct or combination drug to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce chemotherapy toxic side effects. In anti-infective treatment, Qinpetin shows inhibitory effects against multiple drug-resistant strains and is expected to become a candidate molecule for novel antibacterial or antifungal drugs.
Moreover, Qinpetin's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties give it potential application value in chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Its excellent blood-brain barrier permeability is especially suitable for drug development for central nervous system diseases.
Future research should focus on preclinical safety evaluation, pharmacokinetic optimization, and formulation development of Qinpetin. At the same time, based on its multi-target mechanism and combined with modern drug design technologies, structural optimization and derivative synthesis are carried out to enhance its activity and selectivity. The implementation of multicenter clinical trials will provide solid evidence for the clinical application of Qinpesu.
Qin Petin, a natural coumarin-derived compound derived from Qin Pi, has become a hot topic in natural product pharmacology research due to its diverse pharmacological activities and good drug formability. Its multiple mechanisms of anti-tumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory action provide new ideas and candidate drug molecules for the treatment of various diseases. Although significant progress has been made in current research, the clinical application of Qin Petin still faces many challenges, requiring further in-depth research on pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and safety.
Overall, Qin Petin has significant potential to become a new natural drug. Through multidisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation, it is expected to move from the laboratory to clinical practice, benefiting patients.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
