+86-28-82633987
Product name: Forsythiaside
Synonym name: Forsythoside A
Catalogue No.: BP0594
Cas No.: 79916-77-1
Formula: C29H36O15
Mol Weight: 624.592
Botanical Source: Forsythia suspensa （Thunb.） Vahl
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Phenylpropanoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Description:
Forsythoside A possesses strong antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral effects. it has the potential to prevent IBV infection in vitro, it can promote the expression of IFN-α and Mx1 significantly.Forsythoside A has inductive effects on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C11, without affecting CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 activities.
References:
Phytother Res. 2011 Mar;25(3):338-42.
Forsythoside a inhibits the avian infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture.
Forsythoside A is a polyphenolic constituent of the fruits of Forsythia suspensa Vahl. which is widely used as an antiinflammatory agent in traditional Chinese medicine.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study, the effects of Forsythoside A on cell infection by avian infectious bronchitis virus were assessed. A real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was used to determine mRNA content of IBV N gene. The pretreatment of cells with Forsythoside A, adding Forsythoside A post infection of cells, and treatment of virus with Forsythoside A were analysed. The inhibitory effect of Forsythoside A was confirmed by infecting primary chicken embryo kidney cells. Infected cells were inhibited by Forsythoside A treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:
The data indicated that Forsythoside A has the potential to prevent IBV infection in vitro.
HPLC of Forsythoside A
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
245.2900
.3231
.3119
5.1483
.5850
.1178
Low
77.9622
4.7398
No
No
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Forsythiaside (Forsythiaside), an important natural product, is widely found in plants such as Forsythia suspensa, and has attracted significant attention in pharmacology due to its remarkable biological activity. Forsythia ester glycoside A belongs to the hydroxycinnamic acid ester glycosides, possessing various pharmacological effects and showing especially promising potential in the antiviral field. With the global prevalence of viral diseases, finding safe and effective natural antiviral products has become an important direction for drug development. This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Forsythionesterin A, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and explores its clinical application prospects and future research directions.
Forsythia ester glycoside A has a molecular formula of C_29H_36O_15, a molecular weight of 624.5920, and CAS number 79916-77-1. Its structural core is the combination of hydroxycinnamic acid and glycosides, a typical phenylpropyl esteroid glycoside structure. The molecule contains multiple hydroxyl and ester bonds, giving it high polarity and water solubility.
In terms of physicochemical properties, the LogP value of Forsythia ester glycoside A was 0.3231, indicating low lipid solubility and good water solubility (5.1483), which is beneficial for its distribution in aqueous media. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) reaches as high as 245.29 Ų, reflecting that the molecule contains a large number of polar groups, which may limit its ability to pass through the cell membrane. The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, suggesting its limited distribution in the central nervous system. The hERG channel inhibition test results were negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity, while the Ames-induced mutagenic test result was 0.0, indicating a low genotoxicity risk.
Forsythia ester glycoside A is mainly found in Forsythia suspensa, a plant of the Oleaceae family, genus Forsythia, widely distributed in China and East Asia. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is often used to clear heat, detoxify, reduce swelling, and disperse nodules. Both the fruit and leaves of Forsythia contain abundant Forsythia ester glycoside A.
The extraction method typically uses water extraction and alcohol precipitation, combined with ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted extraction to improve extraction efficiency. The specific steps include: crushing the dried forsythia fruit, extracting it with 70% ethanol or water as a solvent, then concentrating and ethanol precipitation to remove impurities, and purifying it by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain high-purity Forsythia ester glycoside A. In addition, countercurrent chromatography and column chromatography techniques are also commonly used for separation and purification.
Research on the pharmacological activity of Forsythia Ester A covers multiple aspects including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, with its antiviral effects being particularly prominent.
Forsythia glycoside A exhibits inhibitory effects on various viruses, especially against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and influenza virus. Its antiviral mechanism involves multiple stages of the viral replication cycle, including viral adsorption, invasion, gene expression, and assembly.
In HIV infection models, forsythia glycoside A effectively inhibits HIV1-protease (HIV1-PR) activity, blocks the maturation of viral proteins, and reduces viral replication. At the same time, by interfering with the function of viral integrase (INT), it inhibits the integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome. In addition, Forsythia glycoside A inhibits viral envelope proteins gD and viral enzymes UL42, UL54, ICP27, TK, and other targets, blocking key steps in the viral life cycle.
Additionally, Forsythia glycoside A regulates host cell surface receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, blocking the binding of HIV virus to cells and reducing viral invasion efficiency. Its regulatory effect on myeloperoxidase (MPO) also helps reduce inflammatory responses caused by viral infections.
Forsythia glycoside A can significantly inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, reducing inflammatory responses. By regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, it inhibits the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and exerts immune regulation. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help eliminate free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage.
Research also shows that Forsythia Ester A has certain antibacterial, antitumor, and neuroprotective effects, but the related mechanisms require further elucidation.
The antiviral mechanism of Forsythia Esterin A is complex, involving multiple targets and multiple pathway regulation. The main targets include:
The multiple effects of these targets give Forsythia Esterin A a potential advantage in antiviral therapy, especially in suppressing multidrug-resistant viral strains.
The druggability parameters of Forsythia Esterin A indicate good safety and a low risk of toxic side effects. Its low LogP value indicates strong hydrophilicity, but this also limits its ability to cross lipid membranes, potentially affecting oral absorption and bioavailability. A high TPSA value suggests limited cell membrane permeability, especially low blood-brain barrier permeability, which restricts its application in the central nervous system.
The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test showed no mutagenicity, indicating a low risk of genotoxicity.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that forsythia glycoside A is absorbed orally more slowly, with a moderate plasma half-life, mainly metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. It has good water solubility, which is beneficial for distribution in the body, but its bioavailability is limited and may require optimization of drug formulations or changes in administration routes to enhance efficacy.
Forsythia ester glycoside A, as a natural active antiviral ingredient, has broad clinical application prospects. Its multi-target antiviral mechanism offers new approaches for treating HIV, HSV, and other viral infections. Combined with its good safety profile, Forsythia ester glycoside A is expected to become an important candidate molecule for antiviral drug development.
Future research should focus on the following aspects:
Forsythia glycoside A, as a natural hydroxycinnamate glycoside, demonstrates significant potential as a novel antiviral drug due to its multi-target antiviral activity and good safety profile. Although research on its pharmacokinetics and clinical applications is still in its early stages, its unique chemical structure and biological activity provide valuable research examples for the pharmacology of natural products. In the future, through multidisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation, Forsythia Ester Glycoside A is expected to play a greater role in antiviral therapy, promoting the clinical translation and application of natural product drugs.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
