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Product name: Fisetin
Synonym name: 3,3',4',7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
Catalogue No.: BP0590
Cas No.: 528-48-3
Formula: C15H10O6
Mol Weight: 286.239
Botanical Source: Toxicodendron sylvestre(S. et Z.)O. Komtze
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Flavonoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide.
The main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards of TCM, from mgs to kgs scale
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR(contract research), CM(contract manufacture) and PD(process development) services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E. TCM compounds library for drug screen,more than 3000 compounds available, many of them are rare and unique.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
111.1300
1.9717
1.7046
.0575
2.5007
9.6496
Low
87.5056
2.3593
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
0.6
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Fisetin (CAS number: 528-48-3) is a natural flavonol compound widely found in various fruits and vegetables, attracting attention for its diverse bioactivity. As a 7-hydroxyflavonol, fisetin has hydroxyl structures at the 3', 3', and 4' positions, endowing it with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective pharmacological effects. In recent years, with the deepening of pharmacological research on natural products, fisetin has shown promising application potential in anti-tumor, anti-aging, and metabolic disease fields, especially demonstrating multi-target regulatory capability in the treatment of malignant tumors such as prostate cancer. This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of fisetin, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and to explore its clinical application prospects and future development directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for related research.
Fisetin belongs to the flavonol class of compounds, chemically named 3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone, molecular formula C15H10O6, with a molecular weight of 286.2390. Its structural features include 7 hydroxyl groups on the flavonoid backbone and additional hydroxyl groups at 3, 3', and 4' positions, forming the typical structure of tetrahydroxyflavones. These hydroxyl groups not only give fisetin its excellent free radical scavenging ability, but also determine its interaction characteristics with various biological macromolecules.
In terms of physicochemical properties, fisetin has a LogP value of 1.9717, showing moderate lipid solubility that facilitates cell membrane penetration. Its polar surface area (TPSA) is 111.13 Ų, indicating certain polarity that facilitates binding with aqueous phases and biological targets. Low water solubility (0.0575 mg/mL) suggests limited solubility in organisms and may affect oral bioavailability. The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests its distribution in the central nervous system is limited, but this does not hinder its potential role in neuroprotection. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating that fisetin is relatively safe and less likely to cause cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was 0.6, indicating a low risk of genotoxicity.
Fisetin is widely found in various plants, especially abundant in fruits and vegetables such as strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa), apples (Malus domestica), grapes (Vitis vinifera), onions (Allium cepa), and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus). Its naturally occurring form is mostly in the free form or in the form bound to glycosides.
Traditional extraction methods mainly use organic solvent extraction methods, such as methanol, ethanol, or ethyl acetate, combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), or pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) technologies to improve extraction efficiency and purity. After extraction, purification and quantitative analysis are usually performed using silica gel column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and other methods. In recent years, green extraction technologies such as supercritical CO2 extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction have gradually been applied to the acquisition of fisetin, aiming to improve extraction efficiency while reducing environmental pollution.
Fisetin has significant antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress damage. Its multihydroxyl structure allows it to directly capture superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxides. At the same time, by activating the Nrf2 (NFE2L2) signaling pathway, it induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thereby enhancing the intracellular antioxidant defense system.
Fisetin has shown effects in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing cancer cell apoptosis in various cancer models, and has attracted particular attention in prostate cancer research. It exerts anti-tumor effects through multi-target regulatory mechanisms, including inhibiting the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2, activating caspase 9 (CASP9) to promote apoptosis, and modulating signaling and transcription activator 3 (STAT3) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/AKT) pathways, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, fisetin regulates key targets such as androgen receptors (AR) and aromatases (CYP19A1), helping to inhibit the development of hormone-dependent prostate cancer.
The protective effects of fisulfanthin in neurodegenerative diseases are receiving increasing attention. Through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory neuronal survival signaling pathways, it alleviates nerve cell damage. Research shows that fisetin can inhibit the release of neuroinflammatory factors, reduce microglial activation, promote neuron survival and regeneration, and has potential therapeutic value for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions.
Fisetin can inhibit the expression of various inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). By regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, it exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects. This role gives it broad prospects for applications in chronic inflammatory diseases and metabolic syndromes.
In addition, fisetin also exhibits metabolic regulation, antibacterial, and anti-aging activities. As an elderly protector, it can delay cellular aging, improve metabolic function, and enhance the body's disease resistance.
The multi-target mechanism of fisetin forms the basis of its broad pharmacological activity. The main targets include:
Through the combined regulation of these targets, fisetin achieves multiple biological effects including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects.
The molecular weight of fisetin is 286.2390, which conforms to the Lipinski rule, with a LogP of about 1.97, indicating moderate lipid solubility and facilitating cell membrane permeability. Its TPSA is 111.13 Ų, which is slightly above the ideal range but still possesses good bioactivity binding capacity. Low water solubility suggests that the bioavailability of oral formulations may be limited, requiring improved solubility and stability through drug carriers or nanotechnology.
The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, limiting its direct effect in the central nervous system, but its neuroprotective effects may be realized through peripheral mechanisms. hERG channel inhibition was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. Ames trial results showed a low risk of genotoxicity and good safety.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that fisulfanthin is absorbed quickly after oral administration but has limited bioavailability, mainly metabolized by hepatic enzyme systems, and exhibits a first-pass effect. Its metabolites include glucuronilate and sulfate conjugates, and its excretion routes are mainly urine and bile. To enhance clinical application potential, further optimization of administration routes and dosage form design is needed.
As a versatile natural product, fisetin has broad clinical application potential. Its multi-target regulatory advantages in the treatment of prostate cancer and other tumors make it possible to develop novel anti-cancer drugs. Its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects give it potential application value in neurodegenerative diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases. Additionally, as an elderly protectant, fisetin is expected to slow the onset and progression of age-related diseases.
Currently, clinical research on fisetin is still in its early stages, with limitations such as low bioavailability and poor in vivo stability. Future research should focus on optimizing drug delivery systems, such as nanocarriers, liposomes, and solid dispersions, to enhance their in vivo stability and targeting. At the same time, in-depth analysis of its molecular mechanisms and safety evaluation will provide scientific evidence for clinical translation.
Moreover, combining modern medicinal chemistry and pharmacological methods, designing structural modifications and derivative development may further enhance its bioactivity and pharmacokinetic properties, expanding its clinical indications.
In summary, fiflavin, as a natural flavonoid with multiple biological activities, shows broad application prospects in antioxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory properties. Its unique chemical structure gives it multi-target regulatory capabilities, making it highly valuable in the treatment and research of diseases such as prostate cancer. Despite current challenges in bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, modern pharmaceuticals and molecular design approaches are expected to overcome these limitations and achieve clinical translation. In the future, systematic pharmacological mechanism research and clinical trials will be key to promoting fisetin as a novel natural medicine. As an important research subject in the field of natural product pharmacology, the in-depth development and application of fisetin will provide new therapeutic strategies and hope for human health.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
