+86-28-82633987
Product Name: 1,8-Cineole
Synonym name: Eucalyptol; Eucapur; Soledum; Terpane; Zineol; Cineole; Cyneol; Cajeputol
Catalogue No.: BP0568
Cas No.: 470-82-6
Formula: C10H18O
Mol Weight: 154.253
Botanical Source: Occurs in eucalyptus, lavender, sage and many other oils. Detected in the Black Sea bryozoan Conopeum seuratum
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.
HPLC of 1,8-Cineole
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
9.2300
3.6672
3.6675
.3532
9.3382
13.7396
High
49.5450
3.9529
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
No
No
1,8-Cineole, also known as eucalyptus brain, is a monoterpene ether naturally occurring in various aromatic plants. Its CAS number is 470-82-6, molecular formula C10H18O, and molecular weight is approximately 154.25. 1,8-Eucalyptus Extract, with its unique cooling aroma and flavoring properties, has long been used in the food, cosmetics, and fragrance industries. In recent years, with the deepening development of natural product pharmacology, 1,8-eucalyptin has become a research hotspot due to its remarkable bioactivity, especially its potential in respiratory anti-inflammatory fields.
This review aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of 1,8-eucalyptin (1,8-eucalyptus), plant origin and extraction process, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and conduct a comprehensive analysis in conjunction with its clinical application prospects, providing theoretical basis and reference for subsequent drug development and clinical research.
1,8-Eucalyptin is a monocyclic terpene ether with a chemical structure containing an oxygen-bridged cyclic ether group, with the molecular formula C10H18O. Its structural characteristics give it unique volatility and lipophilusity. With a molecular weight of 154.2530 and a LogP value of 3.6672, it exhibits strong lipid solubility, which facilitates penetration of cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 9.23 Ų, and its extremely low polar surface area further supports its excellent membrane permeability.
Its low water solubility (0.3532 mg/mL) limits its solubility in the aqueous phase, but it also allows it to remain stable in lipid environments. The hERG channel inhibition test results were negative, indicating that 1,8-eucalyptin is less likely to cause arrhythmia-related cardiotoxicity. The Ames test result was 0.0, indicating no significant genotoxicity risk.
In summary, the physicochemical properties of 1,8-eucalyptin indicate that it has good bioavailability potential and a safety foundation, making it suitable for further pharmacological activity development.
1,8-Eucalyptin is mainly found in the essential oils of various aromatic plants such as eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and laurel (Laurus nobilis). Eucalyptus leaf oil contains the highest content, often exceeding 60%, making it its main active ingredient.
Traditional extraction methods mainly rely on steam distillation, where volatile components are evaporated by heating plant materials and condensed to separate the essential oils. Modern extraction technologies include supercritical CO2 extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and solvent extraction extraction, which excel at improving extraction efficiency and reducing degradation of heat-sensitive components.
During extraction, attention must be paid to temperature and time control to avoid thermal decomposition and isomerization of 1,8-eucalyptus. After extraction, the essential oil is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatorially using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology to ensure purity and active ingredient content.
Research on the pharmacological activity of 1,8-eucalyptin mainly focuses on its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitussive, expectorant, and neuroprotective effects. It has shown remarkable effects especially in anti-inflammatory treatment of respiratory diseases.
Numerous in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that 1,8-eucalyptin can effectively suppress respiratory inflammatory responses. It alleviates inflammatory damage to the airway mucosa by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β).
Animal model studies have shown that 1,8-eucalyptin can significantly alleviate airway inflammation induced by smoke, bacteria, or allergens, improve lung function, and reduce infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucus secretion. In addition, its potential as an adjunct treatment for conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma is gradually being recognized.
1,8-Eucalyptin exhibits inhibitory effects on various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially showing strong activity against common respiratory pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Its antiviral activity mainly manifests in inhibition of influenza and coronaviruses, possibly by disrupting the viral envelope or inhibiting viral replication.
Both clinical and experimental studies have confirmed that 1,8-eucalyptin has antitussive and expectorant effects. By stimulating the ciliary movement of the respiratory mucosa, it accelerates the discharge of phlegm, while also reducing the sensitivity of the cough reflex and relieving cough symptoms.
Some studies suggest that 1,8-eucalyptin has neuroprotective effects, can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated nerve damage, and has potential use as an adjunct therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, its antioxidant, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects are also being revealed.
The biological activity of 1,8-eucalyptin is mainly achieved by regulating multiple inflammatory signaling pathways. Its key molecular targets include:
Molecular mechanism studies have shown that 1,8-eucalyptin blocks the cytoplasmic to intranuclear translocation of NF-κB by inhibiting upstream signaling molecules (such as the IKK complex), thereby suppressing the expression of inflammatory genes. Additionally, its antioxidant activity reduces oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), indirectly regulating inflammatory pathways.
The combined effect of these mechanisms enables 1,8-eucalyptin to exert multi-target, multi-pathway synergistic therapeutic effects in respiratory inflammation and related diseases.
The druggability parameters of 1,8-eucalyptin indicate that it has good potential for drug development. Its LogP value is 3.6672, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for oral absorption and cell membrane penetration. The TPSA value was as low as 9.23 Ų, supporting its excellent biofilm permeability, especially the high permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), suggesting its potential for central nervous system diseases.
Low water solubility (0.3532 mg/mL) may limit its oral bioavailability, but formulation optimization (such as nanocarriers, liposomes, etc.) can improve its leaching and absorption performance.
In terms of toxicological assessment, 1,8-eucalyptin did not show hERG channel inhibition, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity; The Ames test was negative, indicating no significant mutagenicity and relatively high safety.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that 1,8-eucalyptin is rapidly absorbed orally with a moderate plasma half-life, mainly metabolized by the liver, and its metabolites are excreted by the kidneys. Its high lipid solubility causes some accumulation in adipose tissue, so attention should be paid to the accumulation effect of long-term medication.
As a natural monoterpene ether, 1,8-eucalyptin shows broad application prospects in adjunctive treatment of respiratory diseases due to its excellent safety and multiple pharmacological activities. In diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and acute and chronic bronchitis, it can improve patients' symptoms and quality of life through anti-inflammatory, antitussive, expectorant, and antibacterial effects.
Additionally, the excellent blood-brain barrier penetration ability of 1,8-eucalyptin has led to a growing focus on research in neurological diseases, with prospects for developing new therapies targeting neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Currently, clinical applications mostly exist in the form of compound essential oils or oral preparations, and systematic clinical studies on single ingredients are still insufficient. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen pharmacokinetics, dose optimization, and long-term safety evaluation of 1,8-eucalyptin to promote its translation from laboratory research to clinical application.
Combined with modern formulation technologies, such as nanocarriers and sustained-release systems, it is expected to improve bioavailability and targeting, enhancing therapeutic effects. The multi-target mechanism of action also provides a foundation for its combination with other drugs, promoting multidimensional disease management.
As an important natural monoterpene ether, 1,8-Eucalyptocular Ethylene exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities due to its unique chemical structure and excellent physicochemical properties, especially showing significant potential in the field of respiratory anti-inflammatory treatment. By regulating key inflammatory targets such as TNF, PTGS2, NFKB1, IL6, and IL1B, it exerts multi-target synergistic anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrating good safety and druggability.
Future research should focus on deeply elucidating its molecular mechanisms, optimizing extraction and formulation processes, conducting systematic clinical evaluations, and promoting the transformation of 1,8-eucalyptin into novel natural medicines. With the continuous revelation of its bioactivity and pharmacokinetic characteristics, 1,8-eucalyptin is expected to become an important natural drug resource in the treatment of respiratory diseases and related inflammatory diseases, contributing new therapeutic approaches to human health.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
