Product Name: Complanatuside
Synonym name:  Complanatuside A
Catalogue No.: BP0385
Cas No.: 116183-66-5
Formula: C₂₈H₃₂O₁₆
Mol Weight: 624.548
Botanical Source: Astragalus complanatus and Lysimachia christinae

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.

Description:

Complanatoside C is a natural product from Astragali Semen.

References:

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2018 Apr;43(7):1459-1466.    

Chemical constituents from seeds of Astragali complanati.  

A new flavonoid glycoside, named Complanatoside C (1), and 19 known compounds (2-20) were isolated from an 95% ethanol extract of Astragali Semen by various chromatographic methods. 

METHODS AND RESULTS:

Their structures were identified on the basis of UV, IR, NMR, MS spectroscopic data analysis, and comparison with those in literature, including fifteen flavonoid glycoside (1-15), and six other constituents (16-20), among which compounds 16-19 were isolated from this plant for the first time.    

HPLC of Complanatuside A

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Complanatuside A (CAS No.: 116183-66-5) is a flavonoid natural compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus complanatus. As a typical representative of flavonoid compounds, sayuanzi glycoside A has attracted widespread attention due to its remarkable antioxidant activity. In recent years, as the core role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various diseases has gradually been revealed, research into natural products targeting antioxidant damage has become an important direction for drug development. With its excellent antioxidant properties and good safety, Adifolium A demonstrates potential application value in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.

This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Adiole Glycoside A, plant origin, and extraction methods, focusing on its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action. By combining drug-conductability evaluation and pharmacokinetic data, it explores its clinical application prospects and future research directions, providing a theoretical basis and research reference for drug development of this natural product.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Adineoside A belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds with a molecular weight of 624.54. Its chemical structure contains multiple hydroxyl groups and glycosyls, exhibiting high polarity. Its LogP value is about -2.0, indicating that the compound is highly hydrophilic and difficult to cross the lipophilic barrier. The total polar surface area (TPSA) is 278.48 Ų, with 16 hydrogen bond acceptors, suggesting significant intermolecular hydrogen bonding that may affect the permeability of its biofilm.

Structurally, Thalenazi A is formed by the flavonoid nucleus and multiple glycosidic residues connected by glycosidic bonds. The presence of glycosides enhances its water solubility but also limits its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This compound has no hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or hERG channel inhibition, demonstrating good safety profiles. The Ames-related mutagenic test results are still unclear and require further evaluation.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Shayuanzi glycoside A mainly comes from the traditional Chinese medicinal material Shayuanzi, specifically the seeds of Beishayuan (Astragalus complanatus Bunge). In traditional Chinese medicine, Shayuanzi is known for tonifying the kidneys, enhancing yang, promoting urination, and relieving stranguria, and is widely used as an adjunct treatment for urinary system diseases. Its seeds are rich in various flavonoid compounds, with salycoside A being one of the main active components.

The extraction method typically uses ethanol or methanol as solvent for reflux extraction, followed by multi-step purification processes such as liquid-liquid separation, silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to obtain high-purity samarin glycoside A. In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction technologies have also been introduced to improve extraction efficiency and purity, while reducing solvent usage, in line with the concept of green chemistry.

Pharmacological activity research

Pharmacological studies on the pharmacological activity of sazoside A mainly focus on its antioxidant and damaging effects. In vitro experiments show that sayuanzi glycoside A can significantly scavenge free radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and protect cells from damage induced by oxidative stress. It regulates various oxidase systems, enhancing the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and reducing oxidative damage.

In animal experiments, sayuanzi glycoside A demonstrated protective effects against various models of oxidative stress-related diseases, such as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, liver injury, and neurodegenerative disease models. By regulating redox states, reducing inflammatory responses, and promoting cell survival, it demonstrates promising therapeutic potential.

In addition, sayuanzi glycoside A also possesses certain anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory activities, which may be closely related to its antioxidant mechanisms, but these effects still require further systematic research.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The antioxidant mechanism of sazoside A mainly regulates key intracellular antioxidant signaling pathways. Its targets include NFE2L2 (nuclear factor red cell 2-related factor 2, NRF2), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase peroxidase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), hemoglobin oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2).

NRF2, as the main intracellular antioxidant transcription factor, regulates the expression of various antioxidant enzymes. Adiole A can promote NRF2 nuclear translocation, enhance its transcriptional activation of antioxidant genes, and improve cellular antioxidant defense capabilities. By activating the NRF2 signaling pathway, satyroid glycoside A upregulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, and HMOX1, promoting the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviating cellular damage caused by oxidative stress.

Additionally, satyrazide A may regulate apoptosis signaling pathways by inhibiting oxidative stress-related inflammatory factor expression, further exerting its protective effects. Its specific molecular mechanisms still require in-depth analysis through multi-omics techniques and molecular biology experiments.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

Druggability evaluation of Sayuanzi Glycoside A shows it has good safety and low toxicity characteristics. Its LogP value is -2, indicating strong water solubility but weak lipid solubility, which may limit oral absorption and tissue distribution, especially difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier, limiting its application in central nervous system diseases.

A high TPSA value and numerous hydrogen bond acceptors further indicate poor membrane permeability, which may lead to limited bioavailability. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies are still incomplete. Preliminary data suggest that sayuanzi glycoside A is metabolized rapidly in the body, mainly cleared through hepatic pathways, with no significant hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity.

In the future, pharmaceutical formulation technologies need to optimize their pharmacokinetic properties, such as nanocarrier encapsulation, liposomal delivery, or structural modification, to improve in vivo stability and bioavailability, thereby expanding their clinical application potential.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Based on the significant antioxidant activity and good safety profile of Adienoside A, its application prospects in diseases related to antioxidant damage are broad. Oxidative stress is an important pathological mechanism in cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, liver diseases, and various chronic inflammatory diseases. Saenoside A is expected to serve as a natural antioxidant to assist in the prevention and treatment of these conditions.

Preclinical studies need further improvement in pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and pharmacodynamic evaluations to clarify the optimal route of administration and dosage. By integrating modern drug delivery technologies, oral or injectable formulations can be developed to improve clinical applicability.

Additionally, as a natural flavonoid product, Sayuanzi Glycoside A has multi-target regulatory properties that help achieve multi-mechanism synergistic treatment, and in the future, it can be combined with other drugs to exert synergistic effects. Its potential in neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation is also worth further exploration.

Conclusion

As an important flalifeform active ingredient in Shayuanzi, Shayuanzi A has significant antioxidant damage effects, mainly protecting cells by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway and regulating the expression of various antioxidant enzymes. Its excellent safety profile and multi-target mechanism of action lay the foundation for it as a novel natural drug candidate for the treatment of antioxidant-related diseases.

Although there is currently a preliminary understanding of its pharmacological effects and druggability, systematic pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and preclinical evaluations are still needed to optimize drug formulations and promote clinical translation. In the future, by combining modern molecular biology and medicinal chemistry technologies, Sayuanzi Glycoside A is expected to play a greater role in the field of natural product pharmacology and become an important drug resource in antioxidant therapy.