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Product name: Carnosol
Synonym name: Picrosalvin
Catalogue No.: BP0317
Cas No.: 5957-80-2
Formula: C20H26O4
Mol Weight: 330.424
Botanical Source: Rosmarinus officinalis
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Diterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Description:
Carnosol, a novel agonist of TRPA1 with an EC50 value of 12.46 uM, which exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticarcinogen, anti-angiogenic, anti- invasive and antimetastatic properties. Carnosol can cause a significant decrease in both bacterial and yeast growth whilst, it may prove useful as a food antioxidant which could also contribute to the retardation of the microbial spoilage of foods; it also can inhibit adipocyte differentiation in mouse 3T3-L1 cells through induction of phase2 enzymes and activation of glutathione metabolism, it may be a potential drug against obesity-related diseases.
References:
Eur J Nutr. 2013 Feb;52(1):85-95.
Anti-angiogenic properties of carnosol and carnosic acid, two major dietary compounds from rosemary.
The use of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves and their constituents as a source of dietary antioxidants and flavoring agents is continuously growing. Carnosol and carnosic acid, two major components of rosemary extracts, have shown activity for cancer prevention and therapy. In this study, we investigate the cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic activities of Carnosol and carnosic acid, in order to get further insight into their mechanism of action.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Our results demonstrate that the mentioned diterpenes inhibit certain functions of endothelial cells, namely, differentiation, proliferation, migration and proteolytic capability. Our data indicate that their growth inhibitory effect, exerted on proliferative endothelial and tumor cells, could be due to, at least in part, an induction of apoptosis. Inhibition of the mentioned essential steps of in vitro angiogenesis agrees with the observed inhibition of the in vivo angiogenesis, substantiated by using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.
CONCLUSIONS:
The anti-angiogenic activity of Carnosol and carnosic acid could contribute to the chemopreventive, antitumoral and antimetastatic activities of rosemary extracts and suggests their potential in the treatment of other angiogenesis-related malignancies.
Food Microbiol., 1987, 4(4):311-5.
Antimicrobial activity of carnosol and ursolic acid: two anti-oxidant constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis L.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Inhibition of the growth of 6 strains of food associated bacteria and yeasts by Carnosol and Ursolic acid, two antioxidant compounds extracted from rosemary, was investigated and compared to inhibitory effects exhibited by the commonly used food antioxidants Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT). At the highest concentration used (150 μg ml−1) Carnosol inhibited all the test microbes to the greatest extent. BHA proved a superior inhibitor to Ursolic acid which itself was more effective overall than BHT. Even at 50 μg ml−1, Carnosolcaused a significant decrease in both bacterial and yeast growth whilst BHA proved more effective against the yeasts than bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS:
Thus Carnosol might prove useful as a food antioxidant which could also contribute to the retardation of the microbial spoilage of foods.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002 Sep;14(9):1001-6.
Protective effect of carnosol on CCl(4)-induced acute liver damage in rats.
We recently reported that (Lamiaceae) may alleviate CCl(4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats, possibly blocking the formation of free radicals generated during CCl(4) metabolism. Carnosol, one of the main constituents of Rosmarinus, has been shown to have antioxidant and scavenging activities. Therefore, it is plausible to expect that Carnosol may mediate some of the effects of Rosmarinus on oxidative stress consequences induced by CCl(4) in the liver. We evaluated the effectiveness of Carnosol to normalize biochemical and histological parameters of CCl(4)-induced acute liver injury.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 5) injured by CCl(4) (oral dose 4 g/kg of body weight) were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose (5 mg/kg) of Carnosol. Twenty-four hours later, the rats were anaesthetized deeply to obtain the liver and blood, and biochemical and histological parameters of liver injury were evaluated. Carnosol normalized bilirubin plasma levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver by 69%, reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in plasma by 50%, and partially prevented the fall of liver glycogen content and distortion of the liver parenchyma.
CONCLUSIONS:
Carnosol prevents acute liver damage, possibly by improving the structural integrity of the hepatocytes. To achieve this, Carnosol could scavenge free radicals induced by CCl(4), consequently avoiding the propagation of lipid peroxides. It is suggested that at least some of the beneficial properties of Rosmarinus officinalis are due to Carnosol.
HPLC of Carnosol
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
77.9300
4.2000
Low
Carnosol (CAS No.: 5957-80-2) is a natural diterpene compound, mainly found in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Salvia spp. and rosemary officinalis. As a naturally abundant bioactive product, shammol has attracted increasing attention in pharmacological research in recent years, especially due to its multi-target properties and relatively low toxicity side effects, making it a potential candidate molecule for anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial drugs. This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of scarol, plant origins and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and explore its potential prospects for clinical application.
Scarol has a molecular formula of C20H26O4 and a molecular weight of 330.42, belonging to the aromatic terpene class of diterpene compounds. Its chemical structure consists of a terpene backbone containing multiple hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, giving it strong antioxidant activity. In terms of physicochemical properties, the LogP value of shamnool is about 4.2, indicating good lipid solubility that facilitates cell membrane penetration, but also suggests limited water solubility. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 77.93 Ų, and it has 4 hydrogen bond acceptors, indicating certain polarity characteristics in intermolecular forces. Shammol has low blood-brain barrier permeability, suggesting limited distribution in the central nervous system.
Scarmol is mainly found in Salvia spp. and Rosmarinus officinalis. Traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicinal botanical studies show that the leaves and stems of these plants are rich in diterpene compounds, with shamnol being one of the main active components. The extraction method mostly uses organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography separation, with commonly used solvents including ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate. In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction technologies have gradually been applied to shammol extraction due to their efficiency and environmental friendliness, improving extraction rates and purity. During purification, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry techniques are commonly used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of shamol.
The pharmacological activities of shammol cover multiple aspects, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.
As an effective ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) inhibitor, shamol exhibits significant inhibitory effects in gastric cancer cells, with an IC50 of about 5.5 μM. RSK2, as a key regulatory factor for cell proliferation and survival, can block cancer cell signaling pathways, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, shamol activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, enhancing cells' antioxidant defenses, reducing DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, and further exerting anti-tumor effects.
Shammol is an activator of Nrf2, which can promote the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzyme HMOX1, enhancing the body's antioxidant capacity and reducing inflammatory responses. In various inflammation models, scarol significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6, inhibited the activation of inflammatory cells, and demonstrated good anti-inflammatory effects.
Scarol exhibits inhibitory effects on various drug-resistant strains, with related targets including DNA gyra, red blood cell membrane protein GYPB, dihydrofolate reductase DHFR, bacterial membrane protein MECA, and penicillin-binding protein PENA. Through multi-target synergistic effects, shamferol can disrupt bacterial DNA replication, cell wall synthesis, and metabolic functions, inhibit the growth of drug-resistant bacteria, and provide new ideas for resisting infections by drug-resistant bacteria.
The mechanisms of action of scarol are diverse, involving multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets.
RSK2 is an important kinase downstream of the MAPK signaling pathway, involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Scarol inhibits its activity by directly binding to the kinase domain of RSK2, blocking cancer cell proliferation signals, and promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, especially in gastric cancer cells.
As the main intracellular antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2 regulates the expression of various antioxidant enzymes. Scarol promotes the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, enhances the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as HMOX1, enhances cellular antioxidant defenses, reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and protects cells from damage.
The inhibition of shamnol against drug-resistant bacteria involves multiple targets. Its inhibition of DNA gyrase blocks bacterial DNA replication and transcription; By acting on DHFR, it interferes with bacterial folic acid metabolism; It affects penicillin-binding proteins such as PENA, disrupting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. In addition, shamnol can interfere with the functions of bacterial membrane proteins MECA and GYPB, collectively inhibiting bacterial physiological activity.
The druggability parameters of shamnol indicate that it has certain potential for drug development. The molecular weight of 330.42 complies with the Lipinski rule, and the LogP value of 4.2 indicates good lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration, but its water solubility is relatively poor and may affect oral absorption. TPSA is 77.93 Ų, indicating moderate polarity that aids in target binding. The number of hydrogen bond receptors is 4, which fits within the reasonable range of drug molecular design. Low blood-brain barrier permeability indicates limited distribution in the central nervous system, reducing the risk of central nervous system toxicity.
Pharmacokinetic studies show that shamol is absorbed quickly after oral administration, but its bioavailability is limited by its low water solubility and first-pass effect. Metabolism mainly occurs through the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system, with metabolites mostly hydroxylated and glucuronic acid conjugates. Its half-life is moderate, making it suitable for routine administration. In the future, improvements in drug formulations such as nanocarriers and liposome encapsulation methods are expected to enhance bioavailability and targeting.
With its multi-target and multi-mechanism pharmacological activity, shamferol shows broad clinical application prospects. In the treatment of gastric cancer and other digestive system tumors, it has potential as an RSK2 inhibitor with adjunctive therapeutic value. By activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, shammol can also be used for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress-related conditions. Moreover, its inhibitory effect on infections by resistant bacteria provides new ideas for antimicrobial drug development, especially in the context of increasingly severe global antibiotic resistance, where the development of shamnol-related derivatives is of great significance.
However, clinical research on scarol is still in its early stages and lacks systematic clinical trial data. In the future, it is necessary to enhance pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and clinical safety evaluations, combined with modern drug delivery technologies, to optimize efficacy and safety. Multidisciplinary collaborative research will promote the clinical translation of scarol and promote its inclusion as an important component of new natural medicines.
As a natural diterpenoid compound with significant biological activity, shammol exhibits multiple pharmacological effects in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial fields. By inhibiting RSK2 kinase, activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and implementing a multi-target antibacterial mechanism, it demonstrates a complex yet effective mode of action. Druggability parameters indicate that it has promising drug development potential, but challenges such as water solubility and bioavailability still need to be overcome. In the future, with advances in drug formulation technology and deepening clinical research, scarol is expected to become an important research subject and a rising star in clinical applications in the field of natural product pharmacology.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
