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Product name: Beta-Ecdysterone
Synonym name: Ecdysterone; crustecdysone
Catalogue No.: BP0262
Cas No.: 5289-74-7
Formula: C27H44O7
Mol Weight: 480.642
Botanical Source: Cyanotis arachnoides C.B.Clarke
Physical Description: Powder
Type of Compound: Steroids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams, up to kilograms
Inquire for bulk scale.
Descriptions:
Beta-Ecdysterone slowly reduces food consumption and then indirectly induces a state of starvation resulting in the elevation of the mRNA levels of InR , IRS , PI3K110 , and PDK in the Bombyx fat body during molting and pupation, and Beta-Ecdysterone inhibits innate immunity in the fat body during Bombyx postembryonic development.[1,2]
Beta-Ecdysterone acts as both a positive and a negative regulator of EDG transcription, sequences in the promoter regions of two of the EDGs are similar to an ecdysone response element and may play a role in negative regulation.[3]
Beta-Ecdysterone can block TORC1 activity for autophagosome initiation, and upregulates Atg genes to induce autophagy in the Bombyx fat body.[4]
References:
[1] Ling T, Guo E, Diao Y, et al. Bmc Genomics, 2010, 11(1):1-12.
[2] Yan L, Zhou S, Li M, et al. J Insect Physiol, 2010, 56(10):1436-44.
[3] Apple R T, Fristrom J W. Dev Biol, 1991, 146(2):569-82.
[4] Tian L, Ma L, Guo E, et al. Autophagy, 2013, 9(8):1172-87.
[5] Kim J H, Kim J M, Kang D H. ResearchGate, 2008, 23(1).
HPLC of Beta-Ecdysterone
HNMR of Beta-Ecdysterone
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
126.8700
1.3000
1.3000
Low
No
No
No
No
No
No
β-Beta-Ecdysterone, also known as 20-hydroxyexcisterone, is a class of natural steroid hormones widely found in insects, plants, and some invertebrates. As an important member of the molting hormone family, β-excisterone plays a key role in regulating insect molting and development. In recent years, with in-depth research into its biological activity and pharmacological effects, β-ecchisterone has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of natural product pharmacology due to its diverse physiological regulatory functions and relatively good safety. Its potential therapeutic value in areas such as muscle atrophy, metabolic regulation, and antioxidant activity has attracted widespread attention from academia and industry.
This review aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of β-moltosterone, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Combining its molecular targets in diseases such as muscle atrophy, it explores its clinical application prospects and future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for research in natural product pharmacology and related fields.
The chemical name of β-excisterone is 20-hydroxyexcisterone, with the molecular formula C27H44O7 and a molecular weight of approximately 480.63. Its structure is based on a typical steroid backbone, containing four fused rings (A, B, C, D), with hydroxyl substituents at multiple positions, mainly including hydroxyl groups at positions 3β, 14α, 20, 22, and 25. This structure gives it the lipophilic properties of sterol compounds and the hydrophilicity of polyhydroxy compounds, giving it unique physicochemical properties.
In terms of physicochemical parameters, the LogP value of β-excisterone is about 1.3, indicating moderate lipophilic properties, which facilitate transmembrane absorption without excessive lipophilusis affecting bioavailability. The polar surface area (TPSA) is 126.87 Ų, indicating high molecular polarity, which may limit its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, consistent with its low permeability. There are seven hydrogen bond receptors in the molecule, enhancing its ability to bind to protein targets. Toxicological indicators showed LD50 as high as 2000 mg/kg, with no hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or hERG channel inhibition. Ames-induced mutagenic tests were also negative, indicating good safety and high drug potential.
β-Moltosterone is widely found in various plants, especially some medicinal and traditional health plants such as eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhodiola rosea, spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and certain ferns. The content of β-moltosterone in plants varies significantly depending on species, growing environment, harvest time, and treatment method.
The main extraction methods include solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Traditional solvent extraction typically uses methanol, ethanol, or their aqueous solutions as solvents, extracting β-exysterone from plants through reflux or impregnation methods. Ultrasound-assisted extraction has become a mainstream technology in recent years due to its high efficiency and energy savings, significantly improving extraction rates and shortening production time. After concentration and separation purification (such as silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography), high-purity β-metasterone can be obtained.
Moreover, research on biosynthetic pathways provides a theoretical basis for large-scale production of β-Ecdysterone through bioengineering methods, with prospects for green and sustainable industrial production in the future.
The pharmacological activities of β-excisterone cover multiple aspects including muscle protection, metabolic regulation, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection, with particularly outstanding performance in the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.
Muscle protection and synthesis promotion
Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that β-moltosterone can promote skeletal muscle protein synthesis and inhibit muscle protein degradation, thereby effectively improving muscle atrophy. Its mechanism involves activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, promoting muscle cell proliferation and differentiation, and enhancing the anabolic metabolism of muscle fibers. In animal models, β-moltosterone significantly increased muscle mass and strength, demonstrating potential performance enhancements.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
β-Ectysterone has the ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, regulating the activities of various antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase), slowing down cellular damage processes. At the same time, its inhibitory effect on inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α and IL-6) helps alleviate chronic inflammation and indirectly protects muscles and other tissues.
Metabolic regulation
β-Ecdysterone shows positive effects in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, can improve insulin sensitivity, promote glycolipid metabolic balance, and has potential adjunctive therapeutic value for metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
Neuroprotection
Although β-Ecdysterone has low blood-brain barrier permeability, some studies suggest it exerts indirect neuroprotective effects by regulating the peripheral nervous system and inflammatory responses, especially showing certain efficacy in neuromuscular disease models.
β-Eczesterone exerts its pharmacological effects through multiple targets and pathways, especially showing significant regulatory effects in muscle atrophy-related signaling networks.
AKT1 (Protein Kinase B)
AKT1 is a key kinase that regulates cell growth, metabolism, and survival. β-Ecdysterone promotes protein synthesis in muscle cells by activating AKT1, inhibiting protein degradation, and enhancing muscle cell survival and function.
MSTN (myogrowth inhibitor)
MSTN is a factor that negatively regulates muscle growth. β-Eczesterone can inhibit MSTN expression, unblocking its inhibitory effect on muscle synthesis and thereby promoting muscle proliferation.
IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)
IGF1 plays an important role in muscle growth and repair. β-Ecdysterone raises IGF1 levels, activates downstream signaling pathways, and promotes muscle cell proliferation and differentiation.
FOXO1 (Fork-Head Box Protein O1)
FOXO1 regulates the expression of genes related to muscle protein degradation. β-Excisterone inhibits FOXO1 activity, reduces muscle protein breakdown, and maintains muscle mass.
MYOD1 (Myogenic Differentiation Factor 1)
MYOD1 is a transcription factor that regulates muscle cell differentiation. β-Moltosterone enhances MYOD1 expression and promotes the differentiation of muscle precursor cells into myoblasts.
In addition, β-Ecchisterone is involved in regulating signaling pathways such as AMPK and mTOR, synergistically regulating energy metabolism and protein synthesis, reflecting its multidimensional regulatory mechanism.
Druggability evaluation of β-moltosterone shows good safety and suitable pharmacokinetic characteristics:
Security
Toxicological studies show that oral β-ectysterone has an LD50 of up to 2000 mg/kg, with no significant hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or hERG channel inhibition. The Ames-induced mutagenic test was negative, indicating a relatively high long-term safety for its use.
Pharmacokinetics
β-Ecdysterone is well absorbed orally, but due to its high molecular polarity and low blood-brain barrier permeability, its role in the central nervous system is limited. Its metabolism in the body mainly occurs through the liver enzyme system, with a wide variety of metabolic products and a moderate half-life, making it suitable for development as an oral formulation. Currently, systematic research on its bioavailability and metabolic pathways remains limited and urgently requires further in-depth research.
Drug-related indicators
Moderate LogP values and high TPSA indicate that β-Decocsterone has certain solubility and membrane permeability when administered orally, but may be limited by intestinal absorption and first-pass effects. Its polyhydroxyl structure facilitates stable binding with target proteins, enhancing efficacy.
In summary, β-excisterone has promising drug potential and is suitable for further optimization of formulations and administration methods to enhance its clinical value.
β-Eclidsterone shows broad application prospects in areas such as muscle atrophy, sports rehabilitation, and metabolic diseases. Its effects of promoting muscle synthesis and inhibiting muscle protein degradation are especially suitable for clinical needs such as age-related muscle atrophy, chronic disease-related muscle consumption, and recovery from sports injuries. Moreover, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects provide a theoretical basis for adjunctive treatment of various chronic diseases.
Currently, β-Ecdosterone has entered some health supplement and sports nutrition markets, but rigorous clinical trial data are still insufficient. Future research should focus on:
Through multidisciplinary collaboration, β-excisterone is expected to become an important drug candidate in the field of natural product pharmacology, advancing the treatment of muscle atrophy and related diseases.
β-Moltosterone, as a uniquely structurally and functionally diverse natural molting hormone, demonstrates excellent druggability and broad clinical application potential due to its significant pharmacological activities in muscle protection, metabolic regulation, and antioxidant properties. Its mechanism of action covers multiple key molecular targets, especially regulation in muscle atrophy-related signaling pathways, offering new ideas for the treatment of related diseases.
Although research on β-excisterone has yielded fruitful results, systematic studies on its pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety still need to be strengthened to promote its transition from laboratory to clinical application. In the future, with advances in biotechnology and drug development, β-Ecdosterone is expected to become a star molecule in the field of natural product pharmacology, benefiting more patients.
In summary, β-Ecdysterone is a natural product with significant research value and application prospects. Its in-depth research and development will provide a solid scientific foundation and practical guidance for natural drug innovation and the treatment of diseases such as muscle atrophy.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
