Product name: Benzoylmesaconine
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0246
Cas No.: 63238-67-5
Formula: C₃₁H₄₃NO₁₀
Mol Weight: 589.682
Botanical Source:
Physical Description: Powder
Type of Compound: Alkaloids

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle

Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.

The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams, up to kilograms
Inquire for bulk scale.

Descriptions:
Benzoylmesaconine (BEN, an aconitine derivative extracted from heated-Aconiti tuber) induces the generation of CD4+ T cells antagonistic to type 2 T cells (BEN-CD4+ T cells), the combination therapy of IL-12 (an inducer of type 1 T cell responses) and BEN (an inhibitor of type 2 T cell responses) may protect TI-mice from severe HSV-1 infection.
Benzoylmesaconine has antinociceptive effects.[1]
Benzoylmesaconine has inhibition effects on opportunistic herpesvirus infections in mice with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.[2]

References:
[1] Kobayashi M, Takahashi H, Herndon D N, et al. Burns, 2003, 29(1):37-42.
[2] Suzuki Y, Oyama T, Ishige A, et al. Planta Med, 1994, 60(5):391-4.
[3] Ball Ma, Kobayashi, Polland R B, et al. J Immunother, 1995, 17(2):127.
[4] Nie J, Zhang L, Tian S. China Pharmacist, 2003, 6(01):38-9.

HPLC of Benzoylmesaconine

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Benzoylmesaconine (CAS No.: 63238-67-5) is a monoester-type alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese medicine compound Aconite Decoction. As a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Wutou Tang has a long history and is mainly used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Benzoyl neoaconitine, as the most abundant active ingredient in aconite soup, has attracted widespread attention in recent years for its significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that benzoylneoaconitinine can regulate inflammatory responses through multiple targets and pathways, especially showing strong activity in inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, the potential role of benzoylneoaconitine in metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance is gradually being revealed, providing new directions for its clinical application. This paper will systematically review the chemical structure, plant origin, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and druggability evaluation of benzoyl neoaconitine, exploring its future clinical application prospects.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Benzoyl neoaconitine belongs to the aconitine alkaloid class and is a benzoylated derivative of neoaconitine. Its molecular formula is C_31H_41NO_10, and its molecular weight is 589.6800. This compound contains multiple ester bonds and hydroxyl groups in its structure, has high polarity, a topological pole surface area (TPSA) of 165.71 Ų, and a hydrogen bond acceptor count of 10, indicating strong hydration capacity. The LogP value is 1.5, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration but not excessive lipophilic, which may affect bioavailability and distribution characteristics. The introduction of benzoyl groups into the chemical structure of benzoyl neoaconitin not only affects its physicochemical properties but may also enhance its binding affinity with target proteins, thereby improving pharmacological activity. Its low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests limited function in the central nervous system. There is currently no definitive data on its hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity (including hERG channel inhibition), and mutagenicity (Ames assay), so further research is needed.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Benzoyl neoaconitoine is mainly found in Aconitum species, especially abundant in Aconitum (Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.) and its compound preparation Aconitum Decoction. As a traditional Chinese medicinal material, aconite is widely used in clinical Chinese medicine after processing. The extraction of benzoyl neoaconitium usually uses solvent extraction combined with chromatography separation technology. Traditional extraction methods mostly use alcohols (such as ethanol, methanol) or mixed solvents of aqueous alcohols, obtained by reflux extraction or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Subsequently, column chromatography (silica gel, C18 reversed phase column) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used for separation and purification. In recent years, supercritical fluid extraction and membrane separation technologies have also been applied to improve extraction efficiency and purity. Optimizing the extraction process not only affects the yield of benzoyl neoaconitin, but also relates to the stability of its active components and the accuracy of subsequent pharmacological studies.

Pharmacological activity research

The pharmacological activity of benzoylneoaconitin mainly focuses on anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and metabolic regulation. Numerous in vitro cell experiments and animal model studies have shown that benzoyl neoaconitinal has significant anti-inflammatory effects, especially showing good therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis models. It works by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, reducing inflammatory responses and alleviating joint swelling and pain. At the same time, benzoyl neoaconitinine can inhibit the activation of inflammatory body NLRP3, reduce the excretion of intracellular potassium ions (K^+), and block the GSDMD-N protein-mediated pyroptosis pathway, thereby protecting tissues from inflammatory damage.

In addition, the role of benzoylneoaconitine in metabolic diseases is receiving increasing attention. Insulin resistance, as the core pathological mechanism of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, is closely related to chronic low-grade inflammation. Benzoylneoaconitoine improves insulin signaling and enhances insulin sensitivity, demonstrating potential antidiabetic effects by modulating multiple signaling pathways and targets (such as CDC25B, PTPN1, STAT3, SIRT1, etc.). Its antioxidant and cell-protective functions also help reduce metabolic stress and maintain cellular homeostasis.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The anti-inflammatory mechanism of benzoylneoaconitine mainly relies on inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. NF-κB, as a core transcription factor in inflammatory responses, leads to the expression of various pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Benzoylneoaconitine inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation by blocking IκBα degradation, thereby weakening the transcriptional activity of inflammatory genes.

In terms of inflammation body regulation, benzoylneoaconitine reduces intracellular K^+ excretion, disrupts the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and inhibits their activation. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is usually accompanied by the cleavage of GSDMD-N protein and pyroptosis. Benzoyl neoaconitoine can inhibit the expression of GSDMD-N, slow down pyroptosis, and reduce inflammatory cascade reactions.

Targeting insulin resistance-related targets, benzoylneoaconitoine regulates the activity of proteins such as CDC25B and PTPN1, promoting normal insulin signaling pathways. STAT3, as a key factor in cross-regulation of inflammation and metabolism, has activity regulated by benzoylneoaconitine, which helps alleviate inflammation-mediated insulin resistance. SIRT1, as an important regulator of cellular energy metabolism and anti-inflammation, is also activated by benzoylneoaconitine, promoting mitochondrial function and cellular metabolic homeostasis.

Additionally, benzoyl neoaconitinal alkaloid regulates NFE2L2 (nuclear factor red 2-related factor 2), enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative stress damage. Its regulation of protein kinases such as PRKCA and PRKCD further influences cell signaling and metabolic functions.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

The druggability indicators of benzoyl neoaconitine indicate that it has certain potential for drug development. Although the molecular weight of 589.68 is slightly above the ideal range for traditional oral drugs, its moderate LogP value (1.5) and high polarity (TPSA 165.71) favor its distribution and targeting in vivo. However, higher polarity and the number of hydrogen bond receptors may limit membrane permeability, affecting oral bioavailability.

The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests that benzoylneoaconitine mainly acts on peripheral tissues, reducing the risk of toxic side effects in the central nervous system. There is currently no systematic review regarding its hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity (especially hERG channel inhibition), and mutagenicity, and relevant safety studies are needed.

In terms of pharmacokinetics, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics of benzoylneoaconitinine are not yet fully determined. Preliminary studies indicate that its metabolism in the body is quite complex, possibly involving multiple steps of hepatic enzyme metabolism, and the activity and safety of these metabolites require further evaluation. Future research should focus on its oral bioavailability, half-life, tissue distribution, and excretion routes to guide dosage formulation design and clinical administration protocols.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

Benzoyl neoaconitium, as the main active ingredient in Wutou Tang, shows promising application prospects in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis due to its significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Through multi-target and multi-mechanism synergistic effects, it can effectively suppress inflammatory responses, reduce tissue damage, and improve patient symptoms.

In addition, the potential role of benzoylneoaconitine in insulin resistance and metabolic diseases has expanded its clinical application into new fields. By modulating key metabolic signaling pathways, benzoylneoaconitine is expected to become an adjunctive therapy for diabetes and related metabolic syndromes.

Future research should focus on the following aspects: First, systematically assess its safety, especially hepatorenal toxicity and cardiotoxicity; Second, optimize extraction and preparation processes to improve purity and stability; Third, conduct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to clarify dose-effect relationships; Fourth, to verify its efficacy and safety through clinical trials, promoting its clinical adaptation.

With the advancement of modern drug R&D technologies, combining molecular docking, network pharmacology, and multi-omics analysis, the mechanism of action of benzoyl neoaconitin will be further elucidated, providing scientific evidence for the development of new indications. Combining its unique pharmacological properties and traditional medical value, benzoyl neoaconitine is expected to become an important candidate molecule for natural product drug development.

Conclusion

Benzoyl neoaconitine, as the most abundant monoester alkaloid in Aconite Soup, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, especially in inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Its potential therapeutic value in rheumatoid arthritis and insulin resistance demonstrates the important role of natural products in modern drug development. Although its druggability and safety still require further systematic research, benzoyl neoaconitinal alkaloid undoubtedly provides valuable research material and clinical application prospects for the field of natural product pharmacology. In the future, through multidisciplinary collaboration, benzoyl aconitine is expected to transform from traditional medicinal ingredients into modern innovative drugs, benefiting more patients.