Synonym name: Bacopaside VII
Catalogue No.: BP0228
Cas No.: 94443-88-6
Formula: C₄₆H₇₄O₁₇
Mol Weight: 899.081
Botanical Source: Colubrina retusa, Bacopa monnieri and Zizyphus joazeiro

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.

HPLC of Bacopaside X

NMR of Bacopaside VII

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Bacopaside VII, also known as Bacopa X, is an important triterpene saponin natural product isolated from the traditional medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri. With the continuous development of natural product pharmacology, Pseudopursenoside VII, due to its unique chemical structure and diverse biological activities, has gradually become a research hotspot in neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and antitumor fields. This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Pseudopurslaneside VII, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and clinical application prospects, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research direction for further development and application of this compound.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

Pseudopursenoside VII has the molecular formula C_47H_74O_17 and molecular weight 890.0900, belonging to the pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin class. Its structural core is the typical saponin triterpene backbone, which connects multiple glycoside residues to form a complex glycoside structure. The LogP value of this compound is -2.0000, indicating strong hydrophilicity and good water solubility. The extremely high topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 301.62 Ų, with 17 hydrogen bond acceptors, indicating that its molecular structure contains a large number of polar groups, which may affect membrane permeability and bioavailability.

The chemical structure of Pseudopurslaneside VII determines its binding potential with biomacromolecules such as proteins, enzymes, and receptors, especially through specific interactions between glycoside portions and targets. Its physicochemical properties, such as low lipid solubility and high molecular weight, suggest challenges in its distribution and pharmacokinetics in vivo, but also reduce the blood-brain barrier penetration ability and lower the risk of central nervous system toxicity.

Plant Origins and Extraction Methods

Bacopa saponin VII mainly originates from Bacopa monnieri, a perennial aquatic herb widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It has traditionally been used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine and is known for enhancing memory, anti-anxiety, and calming effects. Pseudopursenoside VII is one of the various saponin components in this plant, with relatively low content, requiring efficient extraction and separation techniques.

Common extraction methods include solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction. Generally, ethanol or methanol is first used for crude extraction, followed by multi-step separation and purification by liquid-liquid separation, silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), ultimately obtaining high-purslane saponin VII. In recent years, supercritical CO_2 extraction and molecular blotting techniques have also been attempted to extract this compound, aiming to improve extraction efficiency and purity, reduce solvent residues, and reduce environmental pollution.

Pharmacological activity research

Pharmacological research on the pharmacological activity of Pseudopurslaneside VII covers multiple directions, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects.

1. Neuroprotective effects
   Pseudopurslaneside VII demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects by regulating neurotransmitter metabolism, inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that this compound can promote nerve cell survival, reduce nerve damage, and improve cognitive function, showing potential therapeutic value especially in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease models.

2. Anti-inflammatory activity
   Pseudopursenoside VII can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, reducing infiltration of inflammatory cells and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism involves regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, demonstrating potential for application in chronic inflammatory diseases.

3. Antioxidant effects
   This compound can eliminate free radicals, enhance the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, and reduce oxidative damage. Its antioxidant properties help prevent various diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.

4. Antitumor activity
   Preliminary studies show that pseudopursenoside VII has inhibitory proliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects on various tumor cells, involving regulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-related proteins, suggesting its potential as an anti-tumor drug candidate.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The mechanism of action of Pseudopurslaneside VII is relatively complex, mainly achieving its biological effects through multiple signaling pathways.

• Neuroprotective mechanisms
  This compound promotes neurotransmitter balance by regulating the activities of glutamate receptors, NMDA receptors, and acetylcholinesterase. At the same time, it activates the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, promoting neuronal survival and neuroplasticity.

• Anti-inflammatory mechanism
  Pseudopurslaneside VII inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-κB, reduces transcription expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and decreases the release of inflammatory mediators. Additionally, it regulates the JAK/STAT and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways to reduce inflammatory responses.

• Antioxidant mechanism
  By activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, it enhances the intracellular antioxidant defense system, boosts the activity of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and clears excess reactive oxygen species (ROS).

• Antitumor mechanism
  Pseudopursenoside VII induces tumor cell apoptosis, involves activation of mitochondrial pathways, regulates the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, promotes cytochrome C release, and activates the caspase cascade. At the same time, it blocks the progression of the cell cycle and inhibits tumor cell proliferation and migration.

Druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetics

The druggability parameters of pseudopurslanesaponin VII showed a relatively large molecular weight (890.09 Da) and a LogP value of -2, indicating strong hydrophilicity and low lipid solubility, which limits oral absorption and cell membrane penetration. TPSA reaches 301.62 Ų and has as many as 17 hydrogen bond acceptors, further indicating its high polarity and potential for reduced bioavailability.

The ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier indicates difficulty in entering the central nervous system, but this also reduces the risk of CNS toxicity. In vitro hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hERG channel inhibition were all negative, indicating good safety profiles. However, Ames' mutagenicity test results remain unclear, and further evaluation of its genotoxicity risk is needed.

In terms of pharmacokinetics, current research is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo experiments showed that pseudopurslaneside VII was slowly absorbed orally and had low plasma concentrations, suggesting first-pass effects and low bioavailability. The metabolic pathway mainly involves liver enzyme systems, and some glycosides may be hydrolyzed by the gut microbiota, affecting their active form in vivo. In the future, drug formulation optimization and structural modification are needed to improve their pharmacokinetic properties.

Prospects and outlooks for clinical applications

As an important active ingredient in false purslane, Pseudopursenoside VII demonstrates broad clinical application potential due to its multiple pharmacological activities including neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. Especially in adjunctive treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and chronic inflammatory diseases, pseudopursenoside VII offers unique advantages.

However, clinical research is still in its early stages and lacks systematic clinical trial data. Future research should focus on:

1. Pharmacokinetics and safety assessment
   In-depth study of its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics in vivo to clarify the safety and toxicological parameters of long-term medication.

2. Dosage form development and drug delivery route optimization
   By using new drug delivery systems such as nanocarriers and liposomes, their bioavailability and targeting are improved.

3. Systematic Explanation of Multi-Target Mechanisms
   By utilizing omics techniques and molecular simulations, the complex network of actions is revealed, providing a basis for precision treatment.

4. Clinical trial design and implementation
   Conduct randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies to verify efficacy and safety, and promote translational application.

In summary, Pseudopursenoside VII has the potential to become a novel natural drug, but it still requires systematic foundational and clinical research support to promote its transition from the laboratory to clinical practice.

Conclusion

Pseudopursenoside VII, as a uniquely structured natural triterpene saponin, reflects the rich medicinal value of pseudopurslane. Its diverse pharmacological activities and good safety provide an important molecular foundation for the development of novel neuroprotective agents and anti-inflammatory drugs. Although there are certain limitations in druggability, modern drug design and formulation technologies are expected to overcome these obstacles and achieve clinical translation. In the future, combining multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research will open new avenues for the development and application of pseudopurslaneside VII, promoting the development and innovation of natural product pharmacology.