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Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0221
Cas No.: 67979-25-3
Formula: C17H14O7
Mol Weight: 330.292
Botanical Source: seeds of Cassia obtusifolia
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.
HPLC of Aurantioobtusin
HNMR of Aurantioobtusin
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
118.8900
2.2000
1.8000
Low
null
No
No
Unknown
Unknown
No
Unknown
No
Aurantioobtusin, CAS number 67979-25-3, is a trihydroxyanthraquinone natural compound with unique structural characteristics, mainly distributed in traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as Cassia obtusifolia L. As an important member of anthraquinone compounds, orange-yellow casinophen has attracted widespread attention due to its diverse bioactivity, especially showing significant potential in pharmacological fields such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In recent years, as the incidence of malignant hematological diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has gradually increased, research into natural products targeting their pathological mechanisms has become a hot topic. Orange yellow casinogen shows potential therapeutic value in regulating multiple key molecular targets, especially targeting ALL-related targets such as UBP2, BLM, MCL1, BCL2, and NOTCH1, suggesting it may become a candidate molecule for novel anti-leukemia drugs.
This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of orange yellow casinogen, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity studies, mechanisms of action and molecular targets, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Combined with its potential applications in diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, it explores its clinical translation prospects and future research directions, providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the field of natural product pharmacology.
The chemical name of Orange Yellow Cassia Extract is 1,3,7-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, with a molecular formula C17H14O7 and a molecular weight of 330.29. Its structural features include 2- and 8-position methoxy substituents and 6-position methyl substituents on the anthraquinone framework, forming a unique electron distribution and spatial configuration. This compound contains three hydroxyl groups, giving it strong polarity and hydrogen bond formation, while the presence of methoxy and methyl groups helps balance its lipophilic and hydrophilic properties.
In terms of physicochemical properties, the LogP value of orange-yellow casin-methyl is about 2.2, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration and distribution in vivo. The polarized surface area (TPSA) is 118.89 Ų, reflecting its high polarity and potential number of hydrogen bond acceptors (7), which have significant implications for binding to biological macromolecule targets. This compound has low blood-brain barrier permeability, suggesting its limited distribution in the central nervous system and potentially reducing the risk of central nervous system toxicity. Safety indicators such as hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hERG channel inhibition remain unclear and require further in vivo and in vitro evaluation.
Orange-yellow abalone is mainly found in the seeds and leaves of Cassia obtusifolia L., a leguminous plant. Cassia seeds, as traditional Chinese medicinal materials, are widely used in clinical practice for clearing the liver, improving eyesight, moistening the intestines, and relieving constipation. Orange yellow casino, as one of its main active ingredients, provides part of the basis of its efficacy.
The extraction method typically uses organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography separation technology. Common solvents include methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, etc., optimized based on differences in solubility and polarity. The typical extraction process includes: drying and crushing plant materials→ organic solvent extraction → concentration→ crude extract separation→ silica gel column chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. In recent years, the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies has improved the extraction efficiency and purity of orange-yellow casin, reducing solvent usage and extraction time.
Additionally, quantitative analysis of orange yellow casin-extract mostly employs high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to ensure the accurate content of the component in the extract, providing technical support for subsequent pharmacological research and quality control.
Research on the pharmacological activity of orange yellow cassia extract covers multiple aspects including anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and metabolic regulation, showing a wide range of biological effects.
Numerous in vitro cell experiments have shown that orange-yellow cassomine has inhibitory effects on various tumor cells, especially showing significant cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Its mechanism of action involves regulating cell cycle-related proteins, activating apoptotic signaling pathways, and inhibiting the expression of tumor-related genes.
Orange yellow casinophen can significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6, alleviating inflammatory responses. Its antioxidant activity mainly occurs by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, helping to slow cell damage and tissue inflammation.
Some studies have shown that orange yellow cassia extract regulates lipid and glucose metabolism, can improve insulin resistance and fatty liver pathology, suggesting its potential application value in metabolic syndrome-related diseases.
The mechanism of action of orange yellow casinogen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is closely related to its regulation of various key molecular targets. Relevant targets include:
UBP2 (Ubiquitin-specific protease 2): participates in ubiquitinination modification of proteins, regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis. Orange-yellow cassia extract may influence leukemia cell proliferation and survival by regulating UBP2 activity.
BLM (Bloom syndrome protein) :D NA helicase and participates in DNA repair and genome stability maintenance. Orange-yellow cassia extract may enhance DNA damage repair by regulating BLM expression, inducing tumor cell apoptosis.
MCL1 and BCL2: Anti-apoptotic proteins that regulate cell survival. Orange yellow cassia extract can downregulate the expression of MCL1 and BCL2, promoting apoptosis of leukemia cells.
NOTCH1: Signal-transducting molecule, involved in cell differentiation and proliferation. Orange yellow sominein may inhibit the NOTCH1 signaling pathway, blocking abnormal proliferation of leukemia cells.
PTPN1 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1): regulates signal transduction, affecting cell metabolism and proliferation. Orange yellow casmelin regulates PTPN1 and helps restore cellular signaling balance.
MAOA (Monoamine Oxidase A): Involved in neurotransmitter metabolism, also affects the tumor microenvironment. Orange yellow camelin may influence the metabolic state of leukemia cells by modulating MAOA activity.
APEX1 (DNA AP Endonuclease) :D key enzyme for NA repair and maintains genome stability. Orange yellow camelin promotes DNA damage repair and induces tumor cell death.
RECQL (RecQ-like DNA helitimes) and FEN1 (structure-specific nucleic acid endonucleases): both involved in DNA repair and replication. Orange yellow sominein affects the genome integrity of tumor cells by regulating the activity of these enzymes.
In summary, orange yellow cassia extract regulates leukemia cell proliferation, apoptosis, and genomic stability through multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic effects, demonstrating a complex and effective anti-tumor mechanism.
The druggability evaluation of orange yellow sominein indicates that it has certain potential for drug development. A molecular weight of 330.29 falls within the ideal range of the Lipinski rule, and a LogP value of 2.2 indicates moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for oral absorption. Although TPSA118.89 is slightly higher, it remains within an acceptable range, indicating it has a certain degree of cell membrane permeability.
The number of hydrogen bond receptors is 7, indicating strong binding ability to target proteins, but may affect membrane permeability. The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects. There is no clear data on safety indicators such as hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hERG channel inhibition, requiring further in vivo toxicology and safety evaluation.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, current research is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo experiments show that orange yellow casinogen is absorbed quickly after oral administration, has a moderate plasma half-life, and is mainly metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Its metabolic pathway may involve phase I oxidation and phase II binding reactions. In the future, systematic ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) studies are needed to clarify its bioavailability, tissue distribution, and metabolites, and optimize dosage formulation design.
As a natural small-molecule compound, orange yellow calamin shows broad application prospects in the treatment of malignant hematological diseases such as acute lymphocytic leukemia, thanks to its multi-target antitumor activity and excellent physicochemical properties. By regulating key targets related to apoptosis and DNA repair, it offers new ideas for leukemia treatment.
The key to future clinical application lies in thoroughly elucidating its pharmacological mechanisms, improving safety evaluations, and optimizing dosing regimens. Combined with modern drug design technologies, such as structural modification and nanocarrier delivery, it is expected to enhance bioavailability and targeting, reducing potential toxic side effects. In addition, the combined use of orange yellow sominein with existing chemotherapy drugs is also worth exploring, potentially achieving synergistic effects and overcoming drug resistance.
During clinical translation, systematic preclinical studies should be conducted, including pharmacodynamic evaluation, toxicological testing, and pharmacokinetic analysis, laying the foundation for clinical trials. Multicenter, multi-phase clinical trials will be key steps to verify its safety and efficacy.
Orange yellow casinoquinone, as a structurally unique trihydroxyanthraquinone natural product, has become an important subject of pharmacological research as a natural product due to its multi-target antitumor activity and excellent druggability parameters. Its potential therapeutic value in diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia provides valuable resources for the development of natural product new drugs. In the future, by combining modern medicinal chemistry and molecular biology techniques, the mechanism of action of orange yellow casinogen will be further explored and its medicinal properties optimized, which is expected to advance its clinical application and benefit patients.
Ongoing basic research and clinical translational work will further reveal the biological functions and medicinal potential of orange yellow camelin, promoting the widespread application of natural products in modern medicine.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
