+86-28-82633987
Synonym name: Asarinin
Catalogue No.: BP0199
Cas No.: 133-04-0
Formula: C20H18O6
Mol Weight: 354.358
Botanical Source: Asarum, Boronia and Xanthoxylum spp.
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.
HPLC of Asarinin
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
69.1800
2.4000
2.4000
High
No
No
No
No
No
Negative
Asarinin (L-Asarinin, CAS No.: 133-04-0) is a natural compound belonging to the aromatic diphenylene dimer, mainly found in Asarin plants. As one of the active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine Asarum spp., Asarum spp. has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years due to its diverse biological activities and potential pharmacological effects. Especially in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, asarin demonstrates significant protective effects, particularly targeting atherosclerosis, a major cardiovascular pathological condition, showing promising therapeutic potential. This paper systematically reviews the chemical structure, plant origin, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and druggability evaluation of Asarin in the study aimed to provide theoretical basis and research directions for its clinical application and new drug development.
The molecular formula of Asarin is C21H18O6, with a molecular weight of 354.36. Its chemical structure consists of two molecules of aromatic distyrene monomers connected by a specific dimer method to form a symmetrical dimer. Asarin has a relatively stable aromatic ring structure and multiple hydroxyl and methoxy substituents, giving it certain polarity and biological activity. Its physicochemical properties show that the LogP value of ascinolipin is 2.4, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration and distribution in vivo. The topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 69.18 Ų, and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors is 6, indicating strong hydrogen bond formation capability in intermolecular interactions.
Additionally, propryl demonstrates a high blood-brain barrier penetration capability, which opens up potential applications in central nervous system-related diseases. In terms of toxicological evaluation, Asarin showed no hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or hERG channel inhibitory effects, and Ames-induced mutagenic test results were negative, indicating high safety and a solid druggability foundation.
Asarum is mainly distributed in Asarum species, such as Asarum heterotropoides and Asarum sieboldii. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Asarum is widely used in the treatment of rheumatism, headache, rhinitis, and other diseases. Its active ingredients are complex, and Asarin is an important material basis for its efficacy.
Common methods for extracting asarin include solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and chromatographic separation techniques. Generally, ethanol or methanol is used as solvent, and crude extracts are obtained by reflux extraction, followed by purification by column chromatography (such as silica gel columns or reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography). In recent years, the application of supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies has improved extraction efficiency and purity, reduced the use of organic solvents, and aligned with green chemistry principles.
During extraction, temperature, solvent polarity, and extraction time are key factors affecting the yield of asarin extraction. Optimizing the extraction process is of great significance for ensuring the quality and activity of asarin (Asarin Glycip).
Asarin shows good efficacy in various pharmacological activities, especially making significant progress in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and cardiovascular protection.
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Asarin significantly inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant pathways. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that asarin can lower plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, promote high-density lipoprotein (HDL) production, and improve dyslipidemia.
Asarin alleviates chronic inflammatory responses by inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, its inhibitory effect on the immunomodulatory enzyme IDO1 (indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) suggests potential value in regulating immune tolerance and the inflammatory microenvironment.
Asarin can eliminate free radicals, enhance intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity, reduce oxidative stress damage, protect vascular endothelial cell function, and prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Some studies have also reported that asarin possesses anti-tumor, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities, demonstrating its multi-target, multi-pathway pharmacological properties.
The pharmacological effects of asparaginol involve multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways, especially in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Asarin activates the AMPK signaling pathway, regulates energy and lipid metabolism, promotes fatty acid oxidation, inhibits lipid synthesis, improves dyslipidemia, and slows the progression of atherosclerosis.
EHMT2 acts as an epigenetic regulatory factor and is involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Asarin regulates EHMT2 activity, influences the expression of related genes, and inhibits inflammatory responses and cellular damage.
Asarin enhances cell viability by regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and BCL2, protecting vascular endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and inflammation.
Asarin may promote DNA damage repair by regulating RECQ1, maintain genome stability, and prevent cellular dysfunction.
LOX-1 is a receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and is involved in the inflammatory response and plaque formation of atherosclerosis. Asarin inhibits LOX-1 expression and reduces ox-LDL-mediated vascular injury.
Asarin promotes ABCA1 expression, enhances cholesterol excretion and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) production, promotes cholesterol metabolic balance, and prevents lipid deposition.
By inhibiting IDO1, Asarin regulates the immune microenvironment, reduces chronic inflammation, and promotes tissue repair.
In summary, asparaginol exerts its comprehensive pharmacological effect in preventing and treating atherosclerosis and related diseases through synergistic action across multiple targets and pathways.
The druggability evaluation of ascaridin shows it has good medicinal properties. Molecular weight 354.36, LogP 2.4, conforms to Lipinski's rules, facilitating oral absorption and internal distribution. TPSA was 69.18 Ų, indicating moderate polarity, which is favorable for cell membrane penetration.
The high permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests its potential application in central nervous system diseases. Toxicological evaluation showed no hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or hERG channel inhibition; Ames test was negative, indicating good safety.
Pharmacokinetics, asarin is well absorbed orally and widely distributed in the body. Its metabolism mainly passes through hepatic enzymes, with excretion primarily via bile and urine. Its metabolite activity and potential drug interactions require further study.
Currently, preclinical pharmacokinetic data for Asarin are limited. Systematic in vivo kinetic, metabolic kinetics, and toxicology studies are needed in the future to support clinical translation.
Asarin is a natural compound with multiple biological activities, showing promising application potential especially in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases. Its multi-target regulatory mechanisms provide a theoretical foundation for the development of novel multi-target drugs.
Future clinical application prospects include:
Cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment: Asarin regulates lipid metabolism and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, making it a potential adjunct treatment drug for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Immune regulation and anti-inflammation: Its regulation of immune targets such as IDO1 offers new ideas for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Central nervous system diseases: High blood-brain barrier permeability gives potential for research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Combination Strategies: Asarin can work synergistically with existing drugs to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects.
However, the clinical translation of asxanthin still faces many challenges, such as unclear pharmacokinetic properties, formulation development, and validation of clinical safety and efficacy. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen multicenter, large-sample clinical research, integrating modern drug design and formulation technologies to promote its clinical application.
Asarin is a natural product derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Asarum arum, relying on its unique chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological activity, showing broad application prospects in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and related diseases. Its excellent druggability and safety lay a solid foundation for new drug development. In the future, by deeply analyzing its mechanism of action, optimizing extraction and purification processes, and conducting systematic pharmacokinetics and clinical studies, asxanthin is expected to become an important breakthrough in the field of natural product pharmacology, providing new strategies and options for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
