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Product name: Alpha-Boswellic acid
Synonym name: α-Boswellic acid; 3-alpha-Hydroxy-12-oleanen-24-oic acid
Catalogue No.: BP0153
Cas No.: 471-66-9
Formula: C30H48O3
Mol Weight: 456.711
Botanical Source: Olibanum
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide.
The main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards of TCM, from mgs to kgs scale
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR(contract research), CM(contract manufacture) and PD(process development) services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E. TCM compounds library for drug screen,more than 3000 compounds available, many of them are rare and unique.
HPLC of Alpha-Boswellic acid
HNMR of Alpha-Boswellic acid
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
57.5300
6.0000
Low
90.0000
No
No
No
No
No
No
Alpha-Boswellic acid (CAS No.: 471-66-9) is a typical pentacyclic triterpene natural product, mainly found in the resin of Boswellia (a plant of the genus Boswellia). As one of the important active components in frankincense, alpha-frankincense acid has attracted significant attention in natural medicine research in recent years due to its diverse bioactivity and relatively good safety. Its pharmacological effects cover multiple aspects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and neuroprotective effects, especially showing significant potential in gastrointestinal protection, liver detoxification, and prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of Alpha-frankoric acid, plant origin and extraction process, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and explore its clinical application prospects, aiming to provide theoretical basis and research directions for drug development of this natural product.
Alpha-boscinic acid belongs to the pentacyclic triterpene compounds, with a molecular formula of C30H48O3 and a molecular weight of 456.7. Its structural feature is a triterpenoid nucleus based on a pentacyclic framework, containing functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, which impart certain polarity and biological activity. Its LogP value is about 6.0, indicating strong lipid solubility, which facilitates penetration of cell membranes but may limit its water solubility and bioavailability. The molecular surface area (TPSA) is 57.53 Ų, and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors is 3, indicating that it possesses certain hydrophilicity in intermolecular interactions. Alpha-boslavic acid has low blood-brain barrier permeability, suggesting its direct role in the central nervous system may be limited, but it can still exert neuroprotective effects through indirect mechanisms or vector-mediated transport. Toxicological assessment showed that Alpha-bosincaric acid had an LD50 of up to 2000 mg/kg, with no significant hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or hERG channel inhibition. Ames-induced mutagenic test results were negative, indicating good safety.
Alpha-boscinic acid mainly comes from the resin of the Boswellia tree (Boswellia genus), especially Boswellia serrata, Boswellia carterii, and other species. Frankincense resin is a dried resin secretion, traditionally used in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, and is known for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. The extraction process for alpha-bostillic acid mainly includes solvent extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, and column chromatography purification. Common solvents include ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate. Extraction conditions require controlled temperature and time to prevent degradation of active ingredients. Supercritical CO2 extraction has gradually become the preferred technology for extracting alpha-bospicious acid, thanks to its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and strong selectivity. After extraction, qualitative and quantitative analysis is performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) technologies to ensure product purity and active ingredient content.
Alpha-bospicy acid demonstrates significant gastric protective effects by reducing oxidative stress and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. As a key transcription factor for intracellular antioxidant stress, Nrf2 activates to promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, reducing gastric mucosal damage. Relevant in vivo and in vitro experiments show that alpha-lactoic acid can effectively inhibit inflammatory responses and oxidative damage of the gastric mucosa, promoting mucosal repair.
In an acetaminophen (APAP)-induced Balb/cA mouse hepatotoxicity model, alpha-lactoic acid demonstrated good hepatoprotective effects. Its mechanisms include inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and maintaining stable liver function indicators. This action offers a potential natural drug option for adjunctive treatment of clinical liver injury.
Alpha-lactoulic acid plays a particularly prominent role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. Research shows that alpha-lactoic acid can reduce the accumulation of highly phosphorylated tau protein (Ser404) in astrocytes treated with STZ (streptozotocin), lower intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels, and alleviate oxidative stress. Meanwhile, alpha-boscinic acid promotes astrocyte proliferation, improves the neuronal environment, and slows the pathological progression of AD by upregulating Survivin (a protein that inhibits cell apoptosis). Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects work together on neurodegenerative diseases, offering broad application prospects.
Alpha-bosincolic acid has significant anti-inflammatory activity, regulating various inflammation-related targets and signaling pathways, including TNF, IL-6, NF-κB, and others, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and reducing tissue inflammatory responses. Its mechanism of action in acute lung injury (ALI) involves regulating key molecules such as PTPN1, ALOX15, HIF1A, RELA, PPARG, NFKB1, HMOX1, and ICAM1, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Additionally, alpha-boscinic acid exhibits activity in inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting metastasis across various tumor cell lines, suggesting its potential value in anti-tumor drug development.
The pharmacological mechanisms of alpha-boscinic acid are complex and diverse, mainly regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis-related signaling pathways. Its key molecular targets include:
The synergistic regulation of these molecular targets enables alpha-lactic acid to demonstrate broad protective effects across various disease models.
Alpha-boscinic acid has high lipophilic solubility (LogP=6.0), which facilitates cell membrane penetration, but its water solubility is poor, which may affect oral bioavailability. Its molecular weight is moderate (456.7 Da), meeting some requirements of the Lipinski rule. The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, suggesting its direct role in the central nervous system is limited, but by modulating peripheral nerve cells such as astrocytes, it can still exert neuroprotective effects. Toxicological data show that alpha-frankounic acid is safe, with no significant hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or mutagenicity, and a relatively high LD50, providing a good drug safety window.
Pharmacokinetics, alpha-boscarinic acid is absorbed orally more slowly, and its metabolic pathways mainly include oxidation and binding reactions in the liver. Its bioavailability is limited by water solubility and first-pass effect; future improvements in formulations or nanocarrier technology are needed to enhance its in vivo stability and targeting. In addition, the metabolites of alpha-lactoic acid and their pharmacological contributions still require further in-depth study.
Alpha-frankincarpic acid, as a versatile natural product, has broad clinical application potential. Its efficacy in gastrointestinal protection, liver detoxification, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation-related diseases lays the foundation for its development as a novel natural medicine. Especially in Alzheimer's research, alpha-frankincarpic acid has shown potential to slow disease progression through multi-target and multi-mechanism effects, and is expected to become an important candidate for adjuvant therapy for AD in the future.
In addition, research on alpha-frankuric acid in the treatment of acute lung injury and tumors is deepening. Combined with its good safety and multi-target regulatory characteristics, it is expected to be developed into a natural drug with multiple indications. Future research should focus on:
Through multidisciplinary collaborative research, we promote the translation of alpha-lactic acid from basic research to clinical practice, fostering innovative development of natural product drugs.
In summary, Alpha-bosinchuic acid, as a pentacyclic triterpene natural product derived from frankincense, demonstrates broad drug development value due to its remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective multiple pharmacological activities. Its mechanism of action involves phosphorylation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, Tau proteins, and regulation of multiple inflammation-related targets, demonstrating the advantages of multi-target therapies derived from natural products. Although its water solubility and blood-brain barrier permeability are limited, its good safety and potential clinical applications make it an important subject for natural drug research. In the future, through formulation optimization and in-depth mechanistic research, alpha-boscinic acid is expected to become an effective drug for treating gastrointestinal diseases, liver injury, Alzheimer's disease, and inflammation-related conditions, driving progress in natural product pharmacology and drug development.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
