+86-28-82633987
Product name: Aloin B
Synonym name: Isobarbaloin; β-Barbaloin
Catalogue No.: BP0150
Cas No.: 28371-16-6
Formula: C21H22O9
Mol Weight: 418.398
Botanical Source: Aloe
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Anthraquinones
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Description:
Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation.
References:
J AOAC Int. 2014 Sep-Oct;97(5):1323-8.
Determination of Aloin A and Aloin B in Aloe vera Raw Materials and Finished Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation.
A single-laboratory validation (SLV) was conducted on an HPLC method for the detection and quantification of aloin A and Aloin B in Aloe vera raw materials and finished products.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
An extraction procedure using sonication with an acidified solvent was used for solid test materials while liquid test materials only required dilution, if necessary, prior to filtration and analysis. Separation was achieved using a fused core C18 column in 18 min under isocratic elution conditions allowing for a single analyte (aloin A) calibration curve to quantify both aloins. Adequate chromatographic resolution (Rs ≥1) was achieved for aloin A and Aloin B. The calibration curves for aloin A exhibited coefficients of determination (r(2)) of ≥99.9% over the linear range of 0.3-50 μg/mL.
CONCLUSIONS:
The LOD values were 0.092 and 0.087 μg/mL, and LOQ 0.23 and 0.21 μg/mL for aloin A and Aloin B, respectively.
HPLC of Aloin B
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
173.8100
-.9000
-1.5000
Low
null
No
No
No
No
No
Negative
null
Aloin B (CAS No.: 28371-16-6) is an important natural product, belonging to the C-glycosylated anthracene compound, widely found in plants of the Aloe genus. As one of the representative components of aloe glycosides, aloin B has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years due to its diverse biological activities and potential medicinal value. It not only has a significant laxative effect but also exhibits multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antiviral properties, especially showing potential therapeutic value in research related to the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).
This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of aloe glycoside B, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Combined with its targeting effects in cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, tumors, and COVID-19, it explores its clinical application prospects and future research directions, providing theoretical basis and scientific guidance for drug development of this natural product.
Aloe glycoside B is a C-glycoside compound with a chemical structure containing a β-D-pyranglucosyl group, and its allotropic hydroxyl group is replaced by the 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-9,10-dihydroanthra-9-group portion (9R aniomerite). Its molecular formula is C21H22O10, with a molecular weight of 434.39, and it is a natural product of phenols, cyclic ketones, and anthracenes. The LogP value of aloe vera glycoside B was -0.9, indicating good hydrophilicity, with a polar surface area (TPSA) as high as 173.81 Ų, indicating strong molecular polarity. The number of hydrogen bond acceptors was 9, suggesting it may exert biological activity through multiple hydrogen bond interactions in vivo.
From a physicochemical perspective, aloe glycoside B has low blood-brain barrier permeability, with negative hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity tests, no significant activity in hERG channel inhibition tests, and negative Ames mutagenic assays, indicating high safety and promising drug potential.
Aloe glycoside B is mainly found in plants of the Aloe genus (such as Aloe vera), especially in the mesophyll and epidermal parts of aloe. As a traditional medicinal plant, aloe vera is widely used in skin diseases, digestive system disorders, and other fields. Its active ingredients include aloe glycosides, aloe extracts, aloe vera gels, and various anthraquinone compounds.
Common methods for extracting aloe glycoside B include organic solvent extraction, liquid-liquid separation, and column chromatography separation. The typical steps are: first, ethanol or methanol is used to extract the dried aloe leaf powder, followed by concentration and solvent distribution to remove impurities, and purification is performed using silica gel column chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology. In recent years, the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies has improved extraction efficiency and purity, providing technical support for large-scale production.
As a representative component of aloe glycosides, aloe side B has its laxative mechanism has been extensively studied. After oral administration, aloe glycoside B is broken down by the rat gut microbiota into aloe-emodin-9-anthraceone, which is an active metabolite that promotes intestinal peristalsis and water secretion, thereby exerting a laxative effect. This process reflects the prodrug properties of aloin B, relying on gut microbiota metabolism and activation.
Aloe glycoside B exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity across various inflammation models. Research shows that aloe glycoside B can inhibit the elevated levels of ear edema and putrescine induced by TPA (12-oxo-13-dehydrosumalicate) in mouse skin, thereby reducing inflammatory responses. Additionally, aloe glycoside B can inhibit tumor-promoting effects, suggesting its potential value in preventing and treating inflammation-related tumors.
Aloin B, as an oral inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 papain (PLpro), demonstrates strong inhibitory activity of the enzyme. Its IC50 is 16.08 μM (hydrolytic activity) and 17.51 μM (deubiquitinase activity), indicating that aloe glycoside B can block viral replication by inhibiting viral protease activity, showing potential for developing drugs for COVID-19.
Aloe glycoside B and its associated aloe components also showed effects in improving intestinal inflammation, especially in a rat model of 3% dextran sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, where aloe glycosides, aloe extracts, and aloe vera gels all reduced intestinal inflammation, with aloe vera extract being the most effective. Additionally, aloe veraside stimulates α adrenergic receptors, causing melanin accumulation and skin brightening, demonstrating its potential application value in skin pathological regulation.
The multiple pharmacological activities of aloe glucoside B are closely related to its action on various molecular targets. Its mechanisms of action in anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antiviral, and cardiovascular diseases mainly involve the following aspects:
Aloe glycoside B alleviates inflammatory responses by inhibiting TPA-induced inflammatory signaling pathways, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors and lowering putrescine levels. Its inhibition of tumor-promoting effects may be related to regulating signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.
Aloe glycoside B inhibits SARS-CoV-2 papain PLpro, blocking the processing and deubiquitination of viral proteins and suppressing viral replication. Additionally, the highly polar structure of aloe glycoside B may enhance its binding strength to enzyme active sites, improving its inhibitory effect.
Potential targets of aloe glycoside B in cardiovascular diseases include AMPK (PRKAA1), BACE1, PTPN1, ESR2, APEX1, PRKCA, AKR1B1, SELP, NFE2L2, and SHBG. These targets involve regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress response, inflammation regulation, and vascular function maintenance. Aloin B may exert cardiovascular protective effects by modulating these targets and slow disease progression.
Aloe veraside B is metabolized into active metabolites in the intestines through microbiota, reflecting the gut-dependent nature of its efficacy. The gut microbiota not only participates in the realization of laxative effects but may also influence other pharmacological activities, suggesting that the efficacy of aloin B is closely related to the intestinal microecological environment.
Druggability evaluation of aloe glycoside B shows good safety and drug compatibility. The molecular weight is 434.39, classified as a medium molecular weight compound, with a LogP value of -0.9, indicating good water solubility and favorable oral absorption. A high TPSA value (173.81 Ų) suggests strong polarity, which may limit its crossing of the blood-brain barrier and reduce central nervous system side effects.
Toxicological assessment showed that aloin B showed no hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or hERG channel inhibition; Ames-induced mutagenic test results were negative, indicating a low genotoxicity risk. The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests it mainly acts on peripheral targets and reduces the risk of central toxicity.
Pharmacokinetically, after oral administration of aloin B, it can be metabolized by the gut microbiota into active metabolites, indicating that its metabolism depends on the gut microecological environment. Its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics still require further systematic research to clarify its in vivo kinetic behavior and dose optimization strategies.
Aloe Glycoside B, with its multi-target and multi-mechanism pharmacological activity, shows broad clinical application prospects. Its laxative effect gives it potential value in the field of constipation treatment, and its metabolic activation of gut microbiota provides new approaches for gut disease treatment. Its anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities provide potential drug candidates for inflammatory diseases and adjuvant oncology treatments.
Of particular concern is the potential application of aloin B in COVID-19 infection. As an effective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, aloe glycoside B may become an important leading compound in the development of anti-COVID-19 drugs. In the future, in-depth research into its antiviral mechanisms should be strengthened, and its efficacy and safety should be verified using preclinical animal models.
Additionally, aloe glycoside B regulates cardiovascular disease-related targets suggesting its potential application in cardiovascular protection. By regulating key molecules such as AMPK and NFE2L2, aloin B may improve cardiovascular metabolic disorders and oxidative stress, slowing disease progression.
Future research should focus on optimizing the pharmacokinetics, formulation development, and clinical safety evaluation of aloe glycoside B, combined with modern drug design technologies to enhance its bioavailability and targetability, and promote its clinical translation.
Aloe vera glycoside B, a structurally unique C-glycosylated anthracene natural product, has become a hot topic in natural product pharmacology research due to its diverse pharmacological activities and good safety. It demonstrates broad application potential in laxatives, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antiviral fields, especially playing a significant role in COVID-19 prevention and control.
In the future, efforts should be made to enhance the analysis of the mechanism of aloin B, pharmacokinetic studies, and preclinical evaluation to promote its translation into clinical drug development. By combining modern molecular pharmacology and medicinal chemistry, aloin B is expected to become an important candidate in the development of natural product drugs, providing new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
