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Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0128
Cas No.: 981-15-7
Formula: C20H24O7
Mol Weight: 376.405
Botanical Source: Ailanthus altissima and Ailanthus glandulosa
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.
HPLC of Ailanthone
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
130.6300
.1500
-.2300
Low
No
No
No
Unknown
No
Unknown
No
Ailanthone (CAS No.: 981-15-7) is a natural triterpenoid compound derived from plants of the Ailanthone genus, attracting attention for its diverse biological activities and potential medicinal value. As a natural product, Centaron's toonone has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Modern pharmacological studies show it possesses significant anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antimalarial, anti-allergic, anti-ulcer, and antibacterial activities, especially showing strong antitumor activity in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Additionally, bouton has been found to inhibit androgen receptors (AR), demonstrating its potential application value in hormone-related diseases. This paper will systematically review the chemical structure, plant origin, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and clinical application prospects of Brotoon ketone, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research direction for subsequent basic research and drug development.
Brotoonone belongs to the triterpene class of compounds, with a molecular formula of C24H32O5 and a molecular weight of 392.40. Its structural features include a multicyclic framework and multiple oxygen-containing functional groups, giving it high chemical activity. The LogP value of Stuponone is 0.15, indicating moderate lipophilicity, which facilitates cell membrane penetration without being overly hydrophobic. The polar surface area (TPSA) was 130.63 Ų, indicating that the molecule has a relatively high number of polar groups and has 7 hydrogen bond acceptors, indicating that it can form strong hydrogen bonds when binding with biological macromolecules.
The physicochemical properties of aconite's distribution and metabolic characteristics in the body determine its distribution. Its low permeability to the blood-brain barrier suggests limited direct impact on the central nervous system. Hepatotoxicity is not yet clear, but both cardiotoxicity and hERG channel inhibition tests were negative, indicating good safety. The results of Ames-related mutagenicity tests are unknown and require further research to rule out potential genotoxicity risks.
Ailanthus altissima is mainly found in species of the genus Ailanthus altissima, and is one of the important active components in this genus. The Chinese toon tree is widely distributed across parts of Asia, especially common in northern and central China. Traditionally, the roots, bark, and leaves of the Chinese toona tree have been used as traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, known for clearing heat, detoxifying, anti-inflammation, and relieving pain.
Common methods for extracting acrotoonone include solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and liquid-liquid partitioning. Ethanol or methanol is typically used as extraction solvents, with crude extracts obtained by reflux or ultrasound-assisted extraction, which is then separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and other techniques. In recent years, with advances in separation technology, the extraction efficiency and purity of Stiftoon have significantly improved, laying the foundation for its pharmacological research and applications.
Brotoon ketone has significant anti-inflammatory effects. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that acrokinone can inhibit the production of various inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO). Its anti-inflammatory mechanism is closely related to the regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, which can inhibit the activation of inflammatory signals and reduce tissue inflammatory responses.
Brotoonone has been found to have anti-HIV activity, capable of inhibiting viral replication. Related studies show that Brotoonone interferes with key enzyme activities in the viral life cycle, blocking viral replication and transmission, providing new ideas for antiviral drug development.
As a natural antimalarial compound, acroxone has an inhibitory effect on malaria parasites. In vitro experiments, Brotoonone can effectively inhibit the growth of malaria parasites, demonstrating its potential as a candidate antimalarial drug.
Brotoonone shows good effects against allergic reactions, inhibiting histamine release and mast cell degranulation, thereby alleviating allergy symptoms. At the same time, aconone has a protective effect on the gastric mucosa, promotes ulcer healing, and demonstrates anti-ulcer activity.
Brotoonone exhibits inhibitory effects on various bacteria, especially strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. Its antibacterial mechanism may involve inhibition of cell wall synthesis and disruption of membrane function.
Brotoonone demonstrates significant antitumor activity in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that acrotoon ketone can inhibit the proliferation of Huh7 liver cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. Its antitumor effects involve regulation of multiple signaling pathways, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential.
Tonone has significant pre-emergence herbicide activity, and its herbicidal effect is positively correlated with the concentration. This activity makes its application possible in the agricultural field.
Centroid is an effective androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor capable of suppressing intact AR and its persistently active splicing variants, with IC50s of 69 nM and 309 nM, respectively. This property gives it potential application value in the treatment of hormone-related diseases such as prostate cancer.
The multiple pharmacological effects of acrobadone are attributed to its regulation of multiple molecular targets, especially in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and tumors. Relevant targets include:
Through multiple regulation of these targets, Brotoonone achieves multiple pharmacological effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and endothelial function improvement.
The molecular weight of aconite is 392.4, meeting the Lipinski rule requirement for molecular weight less than 500. Its LogP value is 0.15, indicating moderate lipophilicity, which is beneficial for drug absorption and distribution in the body. A higher TPSA (130.63 Ų) and hydrogen bond receptor count (7) suggest strong polarity, which may affect oral absorption but also facilitate high affinity for the target.
Chlortoonone has low blood-brain barrier permeability, reducing the risk of central nervous system toxicity. Both cardiotoxicity and hERG channel inhibition were negative, indicating good cardiovascular safety. However, data on hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity (Ames test) are still lacking and require further systematic evaluation.
Currently, pharmacokinetic research on acrokinetic ketone is limited. Preliminary data suggest that its metabolism in the body may involve hepatic enzyme systems, indicating a certain first-pass effect. In the future, detailed studies on in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are needed to refine its pharmacokinetic characteristics and provide a basis for clinical application.
With its multi-target and multi-mechanism pharmacological activity, Brotoonone demonstrates broad clinical application prospects across multiple disease fields. Its antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma is particularly prominent. Combined with its androgen receptor inhibitory activity, Zhan Toonone is expected to become a novel therapeutic drug for tumors, especially hormone-dependent tumors. In addition, the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties of acroxone provide potential applications in infectious diseases and immune regulation.
In agriculture, the herbicide activity of Toonone also has high application value, serving as a natural, environmentally friendly herbicide to replace traditional chemicals and reduce environmental pollution.
However, the druggability and safety of acroonone still require further verification. Future research should focus on toxicological evaluation, pharmacokinetic optimization, and dosage form development. At the same time, mechanistic studies based on their molecular targets will help guide clinical trial design and the formulation of precision therapy strategies.
As a multifunctional natural triterpene compound, Stink toonone demonstrates unique advantages in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and agricultural herbicide fields. Its complex mechanism of action and multi-target regulatory characteristics provide abundant material for pharmacological research of natural products. Although research on Centronone is still in the basic and preclinical stages, its excellent pharmacological activity and safety indicate its enormous potential in future drug development. Systematic and in-depth pharmacological analysis, druggability optimization, and clinical translational research will be key to promoting the development of aquaponone as a novel therapeutic drug.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
