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Product name: 10-Gingerol
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0013
Cas No.: 23513-15-7
Formula: C21H34O4
Mol Weight: 350.499
Botanical Source: ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Physical Description: Powder
Type of Compound: Phenols
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams, up to kilograms
Inquire for bulk scale.
Descriptions:
10-Gingerol, fresh ginger extract, inhibits the production of nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as their mRNA levels in LPS-activated BV2 microglia,exhibits a significant anti-neuroinflammatory capacity.[1]
10-Gingerol improves cisplatin-induced anorexia by inhibiting acylated ghrelin degradation.[2]
10-Gingerol inhibits proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through suppression of Akt and p38MAPK activity, suggests that it could be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.[3]
10-Gingerol has ameliorative effect on drug induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.[4]
References:
[1] Ho S C, Chang K S, Lin C C. Food Chem, 2013, 141(3):3183-91.
[2] Sadakane C, Muto S, Nakagawa K, et al. Biochem Bioph Res Co, 2011, 412(3):506-11.
[3] Joo J H, Hong S S, Cho Y R, et al. Oncol Rep, 2016, 35(2):779-84.
[4] Saleh I, Alqasoumi. J Med Plants Res, 2012, 6(9): 1548-55.
[5] Lee S, Khoo C, Halstead C W, et al. J Aoac Int, 2007, 90(5):1219-26.
HPLC of 10-Gingerol
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
66.7600
4.9000
4.5000
Low
No
Unknown
No
No
No
No
Unknown
10-Gingerol is a natural phenolic compound mainly found in the fresh rhizome oil resin of ginger (Zingiber officinale). As an important member of the gingerol family, 10-gingerol has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its unique chemical structure and diverse biological activities. Studies have shown that 10-gingerol exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative properties, and anticancer activities, with its mechanism involving multiple cellular signaling pathways, especially AMPK activation and regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In addition, 10-gingerol has shown promising application potential in cardiovascular diseases, oncology, neuroinflammation, and infectious diseases. This paper provides a systematic review of the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of 10-gingerol, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and future clinical application prospects, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and reference for in-depth research and drug development of this natural product.
10-Gingerol (CAS No.: 23513-15-7), chemically named (5S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)decanoone, belongs to the phenolic and β-hydroxyketone compounds. Its molecular formula is C19H28O4, and its molecular weight is 350.49. The structure of 10-gingerol contains a monomethoxybenzene ring, connecting a long alkyl chain containing β-hydroxyl groups, giving it unique hydrophobicity and polar characteristics. In terms of physicochemical properties, 10-gingerol has a LogP value of 4.90, indicating high lipid solubility that facilitates penetration of cell membranes, but its moderate polarity (TPSA 66.76 Ų) ensures a certain degree of water solubility. The molecule contains four hydrogen bond receptors, indicating that it possesses certain affinity when binding to biological macromolecules. The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, suggesting its role in the central nervous system may be limited. Toxicity assessment showed that 10-gingerol had no hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or hERG channel inhibition. The Ames mutagenic test was negative, indicating high safety and a solid druggability.
10-Skegaolol is mainly found in the oleoresin of fresh rhizomes of ginger and is one of the representative compounds of gingerol. As a traditional Chinese medicine and seasoning, ginger's rhizomes are rich in volatile oils and non-volatile spicy components. The content of 10-gingerol is greatly affected by the variety, harvest time, and processing method. Common extraction methods include solvent extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, and liquid chromatography separation. Traditional solvent extraction mostly uses ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate, combined with reflux extraction and concentration techniques, to effectively obtain a higher content of 10-gingerol. Supercritical CO2 extraction has gradually become the preferred method for extracting 10-gingerol in recent years due to its green environment, environmental friendliness, and highly selective properties. The extract is further purified by silica gel column chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to ensure the purity and activity of 10-gingerol. Optimizing the extraction process not only improves yield but also provides high-quality raw material guarantees for subsequent pharmacological research and drug development.
10-Scumol exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects, mainly by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and regulating inflammatory signaling pathways. As an AMPK agonist, it can activate energy metabolism-related signals, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB, and reduce the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, 10-gingerol in vitro scavenged 10.47 μM for DPPH radicals, and 1.68 μM for superoxide and 1.35 μM for hydroxyl radicals, demonstrating its strong antioxidant capacity. This antioxidant effect helps reduce cell damage caused by oxidative stress and protects tissue function.
10-S-gingerol exhibits proliferation-inhibiting effects on various tumor cell lines, especially in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, with an IC50 of 12.1 μM. Its antitumor mechanism involves regulation of multiple signaling pathways, such as inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reduce cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities, while also inducing apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by 10-gingerol is accompanied by phosphorylation of MAPKs family members (JNK, p38, ERK), suggesting that it promotes tumor cell apoptosis by activating stress-related signaling pathways. Additionally, 10-gingerol can cause Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum of cancer cells and Ca2+ influx from non-L-type Ca2+ channels, leading to increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and triggering apoptosis. These actions make 10-gingerol a potential candidate molecule for tumor therapy.
10-Gingerol can inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, reduce neointima, and has shown protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Its targets include APP, PTPN1, MAOA, ABCB1, ABCG2, ALOX5, TRPV1, and others, involving multiple mechanisms such as inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and apoptosis. By activating the AMPK signaling pathway, 10-gingerol promotes energy metabolism balance, reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and has potential myocardial protective effects.
10-Zhaobol exhibits significant inhibitory effects in neuroinflammation models, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and alleviating nerve cell damage. In addition, 10-gingerol has inhibitory effects on various oral pathogens, effectively inhibiting bacterial growth and preventing the spread of infection. Its antibacterial mechanism may be related to disrupting bacterial cell membrane structures and inhibiting key enzyme activities. 10-Gingerol also inhibits exogenous ghrelin deactylation, suggesting its potential application value in gastrointestinal function regulation.
The biological effects of 10-gingerol are mainly realized through multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets. As an AMPK agonist, it activates the energy metabolism regulatory network, inhibits inflammation, and inhibits the metabolic adaptation of tumor cells. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a key target of 10-scuprol antitumor activity; by inhibiting this pathway, 10-scavengol reduces cell viability and promotes apoptosis. Phosphorylation of the MAPKs family (including JNK, p38, ERK) is an important mechanism for inducing cellular stress responses and apoptosis.
In cardiovascular diseases, 10-gingerol targets various related proteins, such as APP (amyloid precursor protein), PTPN1 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1), MAOA (monoamine oxidase A), ABCB1 and ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette transporter), ALOX5 (lipoxygenase 5), TRPV1 (instantaneous receptor potential vanillate receptor 1), and more, regulating inflammatory responses, cellular metabolism, and ion channel function, thereby exerting protective effects. Additionally, 10-gingerol regulates intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, influences endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis signaling, further enhancing its antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects.
The druggability parameters of 10-gingerol indicate that it has promising potential for drug development. The molecular weight was 350.49, which was moderate, and LogP 4.9 indicated strong lipid solubility, which facilitated cell membrane penetration but may affect water solubility and bioavailability. TPSA is 66.76 Ų, with 4 hydrogen bond receptors, complying with the Lipinski rule and facilitating oral absorption. The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests that its role in the central nervous system may be limited, but it also reduces the risk of neurotoxicity.
Toxicological evaluation showed that 10-gingerol was not hepatotoxic, cardiotoxic, or inhibited by hERG channels; the Ames test was negative, indicating high safety. Regarding pharmacokinetics, current studies show that 10-scavengol is well absorbed orally but metabolized rapidly, mainly through hepatic enzyme systems, producing various metabolic products. It is widely distributed in the body, mainly accumulating in the liver and kidneys, with primary excretion routes being bile and urine. Further research is needed in the future to improve bioavailability and metabolic stability to optimize clinical applications.
Based on the multi-target and multi-mechanism effects of 10-gingerol, its clinical application prospects in various diseases are broad. First, in the field of anti-tumors, 10-gingerol demonstrates potential as an adjunct or combination therapy by regulating the PI3K/Akt and MAPKs signaling pathways, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration, and inducing apoptosis. Second, in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis, 10-gingerol has cardioprotective effects through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell function, making it a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
Moreover, the application of 10-gingerol in neuroinflammation and infectious diseases is also noteworthy, especially in the treatment of oral diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis, where 10-gingerol shows promising efficacy. Combined with its excellent safety and druggability, in the future, modern drug delivery technologies such as structural modification and nanocarriers can enhance its bioavailability and targeting, promoting clinical translation.
However, current clinical research on 10-gingerol is still in its early stages and lacks systematic clinical trial data. In the future, in-depth research into its pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and clinical efficacy should be strengthened to clarify the optimal dosing regimen and safe dosage range, promoting its status as an important candidate for natural product drug development.
As an important active ingredient in ginger, 10-gingerol has demonstrated tremendous research and application value in the field of natural product pharmacology due to its unique chemical structure and diverse biological activities. Its multiple mechanisms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and cardiovascular protection provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of related diseases. Druggability evaluations have shown that 10-gingerol has good safety and drug development potential, but further pharmacokinetic optimization and clinical validation are still needed. In the future, combined with modern drug design and delivery technologies, 10-gingerol is expected to become a new natural medicine for treating various diseases, contributing more to human health.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
